Геологийн цаг тооллын хүснэгт

Монгол бичгийн том харагдацтай тигийг (фонт) энэ холбоосоос татаж авна уу

ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ

ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋	ᠡᠷᠢᠨ	ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ	ᠭᠠᠯᠴᠤᠩ	ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯ	ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ	ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠨᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋
ᠹᠠᠨᠧᠷᠣᠽᠥᠶ (ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ)	ᠰᠢᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ	ᠾᠣᠯᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍ Holocene	ᠮᠧᠭᠠᠯᠠᠶ Meghalayan	4.2 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠂ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ CO2 ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃	0.0042
				ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠭᠷᠢᠫᠫᠶ Northgrippian	8,2 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠾᠣᠯᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ (Holocene) ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋᠃	0.0082
				ᠭᠷᠢᠢᠨᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ Greenlandian	ᠣᠳᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠭᠭᠧᠷᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ (Doggerland)᠂ ᠰᠦᠨ᠍ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋ (Sundaland) ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠶᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠾᠠᠷᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ (Sahara) ᠴᠥᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨ.᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋  ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	0.0117
			ᠫᠯᠧᠶᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍ Pleistocene	ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ	ᠧᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ (Eemian) ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ (Younger Dryas) ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	0.126
				ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ	100 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ᠃ ᠾᠣᠮᠣ ᠰᠠᠫᠢᠶᠧᠨ᠍ᠰ (Homo sapiens) ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃	0.781
				ᠻᠠᠯᠠᠪᠷᠶ Calabrian	ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠾᠣᠮᠣ ᠧᠷᠧᠻ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠰ (Homo erectus) ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃	1.8
				ᠭᠧᠯᠠᠽᠶ Gelasian	ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠫᠯᠡᠢᠨᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠼᠧᠨ (Pleistocene) ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠾᠣᠮᠣ ᠾᠠᠪᠢᠯᠢᠰ (Homo habilis) ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠷᠨ᠃	2.58
		ᠨᠧᠣᠭᠧᠨ᠍	ᠫᠯᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍ Pliocene	ᠫᠢᠶᠠᠼᠧᠨ᠍ᠽᠢ Piacenzian	ᠭᠷᠧᠨ᠍ᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ (Greenland) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ (Africa) ᠲᠤ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠥᠫᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠻ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃	3.6
				ᠽᠠᠨ᠍ᠻᠯᠧᠶ Zanclean	ᠽᠠᠨ᠍ᠻᠯᠧᠢ (Zanclea) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠷᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ (Africa) ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠳᠢᠫᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠻ (Ardipithecus) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃	5.333
			ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍ Miocene	ᠮᠧᠰᠰᠢᠨᠢ Messinian	ᠮᠧᠰᠰᠢᠨᠢ (Messinia) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠣᠷᠪᠣᠭᠯᠢᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠪ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠱᠣᠷᠪᠣᠭ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ (Antarctica) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠢᠮᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠽᠧ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ (Africa) ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠾᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠋᠍ᠲᠷᠣᠫ ᠲᠴᠠᠳᠧᠨ᠍ᠰᠢᠰ (Sahelanthropus tchadensis) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	7.246
				ᠲᠣᠷᠲᠣᠨᠢ Tortonian		11.63
				ᠰᠧᠷᠷᠠᠸᠠᠯᠶ Serravallian	ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠳᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ (Middle Miocene disruption) ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	13.82
				ᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ Langhian		15.97
				ᠪᠦᠷᠳᠢᠭᠠᠯᠶ Burdigalian	ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ  ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ 650 ppmv ᠡᠴᠡ 100 ppmv ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠢᠢᠴᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ (mastodon) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠭᠦᠶ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	20.44
				ᠠᠻᠦᠢᠲᠠᠨᠶ Aquitanian		23.03
		ᠫᠠᠯᠧᠣᠭᠧᠨ᠍	ᠣᠯᠢᠭᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍ Oligocene	ᠴᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢ Chattian	ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ - ᠣᠯᠢᠭᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ (Grande Coupure) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ (Antarctic) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	28.1
				ᠷᠦᠫᠧᠯᠶ Rupelian		33.9
			ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍ Eocene	ᠫᠷᠢᠶᠠᠪᠣᠨᠶ Priabonian	ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ (Creodonts, Condylarths, Uintatheres) ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠦᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ (Antarctica) ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠯᠫ (Alps) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠦᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	37.8
				ᠪᠠᠷᠲᠣᠨᠢ Bartonian		41.2
				ᠯᠦᠲᠧᠴᠢ Lutetian		47.8
				ᠢᠫᠷᠧᠽᠢ Ypresian	ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ (PETM ᠪᠠ ETM-2)᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠽᠣᠯᠯᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ (Azolla event) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ 3500 ppm ᠡᠴᠡ 650 ppm ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠾᠢᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢ (Himalaya) ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	56
			ᠫᠠᠯᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ᠍ Paleocene	ᠲᠾᠠᠨᠧᠼᠢ Thanetian	ᠴᠢᠻᠱᠦ᠋ᠯᠦ᠋ᠪ (Chicxulub) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ᠂ K–Pg (ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠳ-ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ ‍ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (dinosaur) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ (ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ)᠃ ᠠᠯᠫ (Alpes) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	59.2
				ᠰᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠢ Selandian		61.6
				ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢ Danian		66
	ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠳ	ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ	ᠮᠠᠰᠲᠷᠢᠻᠲ Maastrichtian	ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ammonoidea)᠂ ᠪᠧᠯᠧᠮᠨᠢᠲ (belemnite)᠂ ᠷᠦᠳᠢᠰᠲ (rudist) ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠦᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠢᠷᠠᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ᠂ ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (Tyrannosaur, Titanosaur)᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠲᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ  ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲᠠᠷ (Eusuchia) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠥ ᠮᠣᠽᠠᠽᠠᠸᠷ (mosasaur)᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠫᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠲᠡᠨ (monotremes)᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ (marsupials)᠂ ᠢᠬᠡᠰᠲᠡᠨ (placental) ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Gondwana) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ (Rocky Mountains) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠡᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	72.1 ± 0.2
				ᠻᠠᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ Campanian		83.6 ± 0.2
				ᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠣᠨᠢ Santonian		86.3 ± 0.5
				ᠻᠣᠨᠠᠴᠢ Coniacian		89.8 ± 0.3
				ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠨᠢ Turonian		93.9
				ᠼᠧᠨᠣᠮᠠᠨᠢ Cenomanian		100.5
			ᠡᠷᠲᠡ	ᠠᠯᠪᠢ Albian		~113
				ᠠᠫᠲ᠋ᠢ Aptian		~125
				ᠪᠠᠷᠷᠡᠮᠢ Barremian		~129.4
				ᠾᠠᠦᠲ᠋ᠧᠲᠢᠤᠢ Hauterivian		~132.9
				ᠸᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨᠢ Valanginian		~139.8
				ᠪᠧᠷᠷᠢᠶᠠᠽᠢ Berriasian		~145
		ᠶᠦᠷᠢ	ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ	ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠾᠣᠨᠢ Tithonian	ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠮᠦᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠧᠨᠧᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ (benettitale)᠂ ᠼᠢᠻᠠᠳ᠋ (cycad) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠢᠢᠮᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠽᠠᠸᠷᠣᠫᠣᠳ᠋ (sauropod)᠂ ᠻᠠᠷᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (carnosaur)᠂ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠭᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (stegosaur) ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠭᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠢᠻᠲᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (ichthyosaur)᠂ ᠫᠯᠧᠰᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (plesiosaur) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠲ᠋ (ammonite)᠂ ᠪᠧᠯᠧᠮᠨᠢᠲ (belemnite) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ᠂ ᠲᠧᠷᠧᠪᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (terebratulid) ᠪᠠ ᠷᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠻᠣᠨᠧᠯᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (rhynchonellid) ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠭᠧᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ (Pangaea) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Gondwana)᠂ ᠯᠠᠦ᠋ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ (Laurasia) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠧᠸᠠᠳᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ (Nevada) ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠊ᠳᠠᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ 3-4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ (1200–1500 ppmv ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠨᠨ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ+ 400 ppmv ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋)᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	152.1 ± 0.9
				ᠻᠢᠮᠮᠧᠷᠢᠵᠢ Kimmeridgian		157.3 ± 1.0
				ᠣᠻᠰᠹᠣᠷᠳ᠋ Oxfordian		163.5 ± 1.0
			ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ	ᠻᠠᠯᠯᠣᠸᠶ Callovian		166.1 ± 1.2
				ᠪᠠᠲ᠋ᠾᠣᠨᠢ Bathonian		168.3 ± 1.3
				ᠪᠠᠶᠣᠼᠢ Bajocian		170.3 ± 1.4
				ᠠᠯᠧᠨᠢ Aalenian		174.1 ± 1.0
			ᠡᠷᠲᠡ	ᠲᠣᠠᠷᠼᠢ Toarcian		182.7 ± 0.7
				ᠫᠯᠢᠢᠨᠽᠪᠠᠻᠢ Pliensbachian		190.8 ± 1.0
				ᠰᠢᠨᠧᠮᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ Sinemurian		199.3 ± 0.3
				ᠾᠧᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠍ᠭᠢ Hettangian		201.3 ± 0.2
		ᠲᠷᠢᠶᠠᠰ	ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ	ᠷᠠᠧᠲᠢ Rhaetian	ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠻᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (archosaurs) ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠨᠣᠶᠤᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠢᠻᠲᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (ichthyosaurs)᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (nothosaur)᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠫᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (pterosaur) ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠼᠢᠨᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍᠋ᠠᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠲᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠻᠷᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (Dicroidium) ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠮᠨᠣᠰᠫᠣᠨ᠍᠋ᠳᠢᠯ (temnospondyl) ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠼᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ᠋ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ceratitic ammonoid) ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (teleost)᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ (Andes) ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ.᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠽᠧᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	~208.5
				ᠨᠣᠷᠶ Norian		~227
				ᠻᠠᠷᠨᠢ Carnian		~237
			ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ	ᠯᠠᠳᠢᠨᠢ Ladinian		~242
				ᠠᠨᠢᠰᠢ Anisian		247.2
			ᠡᠷᠲᠡ	ᠣᠯᠧᠨᠧᠻᠢ Olenekian		251.2
				ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠦ᠋ᠠᠩ Induan		251.902 ± 0.06
	ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ	ᠯᠣᠫᠢᠩᠭᠢ Lopingian	ᠴᠠᠩᠭᠰᠢᠩᠭᠢ Changhsingian	ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠫᠠᠩᠭᠧᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠫᠫᠠᠯᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ ᠊᠊ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠯᠢᠻᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (pelycosaur) ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠠᠫᠰᠢᠳ᠋ (synapsid) ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠷᠧᠫᠲᠢᠯ (parareptile)᠂ ᠲᠧᠮᠨᠣᠰᠫᠣᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠯ (temnospondyl) ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠊ᠢᠡᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠣᠴᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠨ (gymnosperms) ᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠴᠣᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠭᠦᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠫᠷᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋ (productid)᠂ ᠰᠫᠢᠷᠢᠹᠧᠷᠢᠳ᠋ (spiriferid) ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (brachiopod) ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠹᠣᠷᠠᠮ (foram)᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ammonoid) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠷᠮᠢ  ᠊᠊ ᠲᠷᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ 251 ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ 95 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠭᠷᠠᠫᠲᠣᠯᠢᠲ (graptolite)᠂ ᠪᠯᠠᠰᠲᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (blastoid) ᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠨᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠂ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ (Kunlun) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	254.14 ± 0.07
				ᠸᠦᠴᠢᠶᠠᠫᠢᠩᠭᠢ Wuchiapingian		259.1 ± 0.4
			ᠭᠤᠠᠳᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠫᠢ Guadalupian	ᠻᠠᠫᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠢ Capitanian		265.1 ± 0.4
				ᠸᠣᠷᠳᠢ Wordian		268.8 ± 0.5
				ᠷᠣᠦ᠋ᠳᠢ Roadian		272.95 ± 0.5
			ᠼᠢᠽᠦ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ Cisuralian	ᠻᠦᠩᠭᠦᠷᠢ Kungurian		283.5 ± 0.6
				ᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ᠍ᠰᠻᠢ Artinskian		290.1 ± 0.26
				ᠰᠠᠻᠮᠠᠷᠢ Sakmarian		295 ± 0.18
				ᠠᠰᠰᠧᠯᠢ Asselian		298.9 ± 0.15
		ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ	ᠫᠧᠨ᠍ᠰᠢᠯᠸᠠᠨᠢ Pennsylvanian	ᠭᠿᠧᠯᠢ Gzhelian	ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠣᠭᠴᠤᠮ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠳ (ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠢᠢᠮᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠯᠢ (equisetum)) ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠊ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠭᠣᠨᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ (goniatite)᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (brachiopod)᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ (bryozoa)᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠹᠣᠷᠠᠮ (foram) ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠤᠷᠠᠯ (Ural) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ᠂ ᠸᠠᠷᠢᠰᠻᠠᠨ (Variscan) ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	303.7 ± 0.1
ᠻᠠᠰᠢᠮᠣᠸᠢ Kasimovian				307 ± 0.1
ᠮᠣᠰᠻᠣᠸᠢ Moscovian				315.2 ± 0.2
ᠪᠠᠱᠻᠢᠷᠢ Bashkirian				323.2 ± 0.4
ᠮᠢᠰᠰᠢᠰᠰᠢᠫᠫᠢ Mississippian			ᠰᠧᠷᠫᠦ᠋ᠻᠣᠸ Serpukhovian	ᠡᠨᠩ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠨᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠠᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠷᠾᠢᠽᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ (rhizodont) ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ (echinoderm) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠭᠣᠨᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ (goniatite)᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠨᠠᠦ᠋ᠲᠢᠯᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (nautiloid) ᠬᠣᠪᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	330.9 ± 0.2
			ᠸᠢᠽᠧᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ Viséan		346.7 ± 0.4
			ᠲᠦᠷᠨᠠᠢᠢᠽᠢ Tournaisian		358.9 ± 0.4
ᠳ᠋ᠧᠸᠣᠨ᠍		ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ	ᠹᠠᠮᠧᠨᠨᠢ Famennian	ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠷᠰᠦ (Lycopodiopsid) ᠂ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠯᠢ (equisetum)᠂ ᠣᠢᠢᠮ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ (ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ) ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠥᠹᠥᠮᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋ (strophomenid)᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠫᠢᠳ᠋ (atrypid)᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ (tabulata)᠂ ᠷᠦᠭᠣᠽᠠ (rugosa) ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋ (crinoid) ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠣᠨᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (goniatite ammonoid) ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠵᠠᠯᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢᠢᠲᠤ (coleoid) ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (agnath) ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠫᠯᠠᠻᠣᠳᠧᠷᠮ (placoderm)᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠠᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ (sarcopterygi)᠂ ᠥᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ (actinopterygi)᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (selachii) ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠯᠠᠰ᠂ ᠠᠫᠫᠠᠯᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠃᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠽᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	372.2 ± 1.6
			ᠹᠷᠠᠽᠨᠢ Frasnian		382.7 ± 1.6
		ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ	ᠭᠢᠸᠧᠼᠢ Givetian		387.7 ± 0.8
			ᠧᠢᠢᠹᠧᠯ Eifelian		393.3 ± 1.2
		ᠡᠷᠲᠡ	ᠧᠮᠰᠢ Emsian		407.6 ± 2.6
			ᠫᠷᠠᠭᠢ Pragian		410.8 ± 2.8
			ᠯᠣᠴᠻᠣᠸᠢ Lochkovian		419.2 ± 3.2
ᠰᠢᠯᠦ᠋ᠷ		ᠫᠷᠢᠳᠣᠯᠢ Pridoli		ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠤᠤᠷᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ (ᠷᠾᠢᠨᠣᠹᠢᠲ᠋)᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (millipede)᠂ ᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠲᠷᠣᠫᠯᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠳ (Arthropleurid) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠨᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ (tabulata)᠂ ᠷᠦᠭᠣᠽᠠ (rugosa) ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠫᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠳ᠋ (pentamerid)᠂ ᠷᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠣᠻᠣᠨᠧᠯᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (rhinochonellid) ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋ (crinoid) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite)᠂ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠷᠠᠫᠲᠣᠯᠢᠲ (graptolite) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠷᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠻᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠨᠠᠸ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	423 ± 2.3
		ᠯᠦ᠋ᠲᠯᠣᠦ᠋ Ludlow	ᠯᠦᠳᠹᠣᠷᠳ᠋ Ludfordian		425.6 ± 0.9
			ᠭᠣᠷᠰᠲᠢ Gorstian		427.4 ± 0.5
		ᠸᠧᠨ᠍ᠯᠣᠻ Wenlock	ᠾᠣᠮᠧᠷᠢ Homerian		430.5 ± 0.7
			ᠱᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠍ᠸᠦ᠋ᠳ᠋ Sheinwoodian		433.4 ± 0.8
		ᠯᠯᠠᠨ᠍ᠳᠣᠸᠧᠷᠶ Llandovery	ᠲᠧᠯᠢᠴᠢ Telychian		438.5 ± 1.1
			ᠠᠧᠷᠣᠨᠢ Aeronian		440.8 ± 1.2
			ᠷᠦᠲᠳᠠᠨᠢ Rhuddanian		443.8 ± 1.5
ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠸᠢᠻ		ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ	ᠾᠢᠷᠨᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠢ Hirnantian	ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠭᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠹᠣᠮᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋ (Orthida, Strophomenida) ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠨᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠣᠢᠢᠳ᠋ (nautiloid)᠂ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobit)᠂ ᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠻᠣᠳ᠋ (ostracod)᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ (bryozoa)᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ (echinoderm)᠂ ᠭᠷᠠᠫᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠢᠲ (graptolit) ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠲᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (conodont) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠥᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	445.2 ± 1.4
			ᠻᠠᠲᠢ Katian		453 ± 0.7
			ᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠪᠢ Sandbian		458.4 ± 0.9
		ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ	ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠷᠢᠸᠢᠯᠢ Darriwilian		467.3 ± 1.1
			ᠳᠠᠫᠢᠩᠭᠢ Dapingian		470 ± 1.4
		ᠡᠷᠲᠡ	ᠹᠯᠣᠶᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ Floian		477.7 ± 1.4
			ᠲᠷᠧᠮᠠᠳᠣᠴᠢ Tremadocian		485.4 ± 1.9
ᠻᠧᠮᠪᠷᠢ		ᠹᠦᠷᠣᠩᠭᠢ Furongian	10 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠱᠠᠲᠤ Stage 10	ᠻᠧᠮᠪᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠥᠪᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠻᠧᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠲ᠋ᠠ (Archaeocyatha) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ (trilobite) ᠂ ᠫᠷᠢᠶᠠᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (priapulid) ᠥᠲᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ (sponge)᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ (brachiopod) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ᠃ ᠧᠳᠢᠠᠻᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ 《ᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠮ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ》(Anomalocaridid) ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠫᠷᠣᠻᠠᠷᠢᠶᠣᠲ (prokaryote)᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠴᠥᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠷᠥᠲ᠋ᠢᠰᠲ᠋ (protists) ᠊ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠮᠥᠭᠦᠨᠴᠡᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠠ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠦ (Petermann)᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠷᠣᠰᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ (Ross) ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠳᠧᠯᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ᠻᠯᠢᠨᠠᠯ (Adelaide geosyncline) ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ 15 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ (ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ 400 ppmv᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ 6000 ppmv)᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊	~489.5
			ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩᠱᠠᠨ Jiangshanian		~494
			ᠫᠠᠢᠢᠪᠢ Paibian		~497
		ᠮᠢᠶᠠᠣᠯᠢᠩᠭᠢ Miaolingian	ᠭᠦᠵᠠᠩ Guzhangian		~500.5
			ᠳ᠋ᠷᠦ᠋ᠮᠢ Drumian		~504.5
			ᠸᠦᠯᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠠ᠊ᠨ᠍ Wuliuan		~509
		ᠰᠧᠷᠢ Series 2	4 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠱᠠᠲᠤ Stage 4		~514
			3 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠱᠠᠲᠤ Stage 3		~521
		ᠲᠧᠷᠷᠧᠨᠧᠦ᠋ᠸᠢ Terreneuvian	2 ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ Stage 2		~529
			ᠹᠣᠷᠲᠦ᠋ᠨ Fortunian		~541 ± 1.0
ᠠᠩᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠰᠢᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠩᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠧᠳᠢᠶᠠᠻᠠᠷᠠ Ediacaran	ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠧᠳᠢᠶᠠᠻᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠥᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ Trichophycus᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠷᠢᠯᠣᠪᠢᠲ᠋ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠡᠨ (trilobitomorphs)᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ (sponge) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠬᠥᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ (Dickinsonia ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠊ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊			~635
		ᠻᠷᠢᠣᠭᠧᠨᠢ Cryogenian	《ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ》 ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠣᠪᠤᠷ᠃ ᠷᠥᠳᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃			~720
		ᠲᠣᠨᠢ Tonian	ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠷᠣᠳᠢᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠼᠧᠯᠯᠧᠳᠧᠦ᠋ᠻᠠᠷᠢᠶᠣᠲ (celledeukaryote) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠧᠯᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠰᠢᠨᠻᠯᠢᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃			1000
	ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠩᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨᠢ Stenian	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠣᠷᠹᠢᠻ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ Sveconorweg ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃			1200
		ᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠠᠽᠢ Ectasian	ᠫᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠹᠣᠷᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠦᠷᠦᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃			1400
		ᠻᠠᠯᠢᠮᠮᠢ Calymmian	ᠫᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠹᠣᠷᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃			1600
	ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠠᠩᠬ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ Statherian	ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ᠄ ᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠫᠷᠥᠲᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ (protist)᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠻᠣᠯᠦ᠋ᠮᠪ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃			1800
		ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠷᠢ Orosirian	ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠩᠳᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ Vredefort᠂ Sudbury ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠢᠢᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃			2050
		ᠷᠢᠶᠠᠼᠢ Rhyacian	ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠱᠸᠧᠯᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠾᠦᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠮᠥᠰᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠃			2300
		ᠰᠢᠳᠧᠷᠶ Siderian	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ᠄ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠊᠊ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ (BIF) ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤ 2,440–2,420 Ma ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ Sleaford ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ Gawler ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠻᠷᠠᠲᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃			2500
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠰᠢᠨ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠥᠨᠥ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠻᠷᠠᠲᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃				2800
	ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠢᠲ ᠊ᠦᠳ (stromatolite)᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠼᠢᠶᠠᠨᠣᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ (cyanobacteria)᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ Humboldt ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃				3200
	ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠻᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ (shields/platforms) ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠦ Rayner ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃				3600
	ᠦᠷ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ	ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰᠲᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠳ (ᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠻᠧ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ)᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠥᠷᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋᠂ 4,000 Ma ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ RNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ ᠲᠤ 4,000 ± 200 Ma ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠫᠢᠶᠧᠷ (Napier) ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ (orogeny) ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊				~4000
ᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠋	ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠢᠮᠪᠷᠶ	ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠳ (ᠻᠧᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨ [kerogen] ᠭᠡᠬᠥ ᠮᠡᠲᠥ) ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠥ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠣ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠥᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠳᠥ ᠥᠷᠲᠥᠵᠥ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠣᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠨᠥ ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠷᠧᠽᠣᠨᠠᠨ᠍ᠰ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠻᠥᠢᠫᠧᠷ (Kuiper) ᠊ᠥᠨ ᠪᠥᠰᠡ ᠊ᠳᠥ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠥ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠣᠯᠢᠭ (4,031 to 3,580 Ma)᠃᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊				4130
	ᠨᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠶ	ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠥᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠰ ᠬᠣᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠠᠣᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠣᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ‍᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠥᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠨᠡᠭᠥᠷᠡᠰᠥ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠴᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠫ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠣ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ‍‍ᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠣᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊				4280
	ᠰᠠᠪ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ	ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ᠃ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ (ᠼᠢᠷᠻᠣᠨ 4,404 ± 8 Ma)᠃ ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃				4533
	ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ	ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ (4,533 - 4,527 Ma) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠤᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ (4,570 - 4,567.17 Ma) ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ (4,680 - 4,630 Ma)᠃				4600