ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃^[1]
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰlitmus ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽcatalysis) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃^[2]
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ

HA = H⁺ + A^-

ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄
HA ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂
H⁺ ᠨᠢ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂
A^- ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠍᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠴdissociation ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ᠃
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄

HCl ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤchlorine ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ)᠂ H₂SO₄ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ H₃BO₃ ᠪᠣᠷboron ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ

ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ	ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ	ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋
per ᠫᠧᠷ	ate ᠊ᠠᠲ	per ᠫᠧᠷ	ic acid ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	perchloric acid HClO₄ ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
	ate ᠊ᠠᠲ		ic acid ᠊ᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	chloric acid HClO₃ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
	ite ᠊ᠢᠲ		ous acid ᠊ᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	chlorous acid HClO₂ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
hypo ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋	ite ᠊ᠢᠲ	hypo ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋	ous acid ᠊ᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	hypochlorous acid HClO ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
	ide ᠊ᠢᠳ᠋	hydro ... ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	ic acid ... ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	hydrochloric acid HCl ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ

ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ	ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋
H₃BO₃	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣortho ᠪᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	BO₃^3-	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠪᠣᠷᠠᠲ᠋
H₂CO₃	ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ	CO₃^2-	ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋carbonate
H₂SiO₃	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠmeta ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	SiO₃^2-	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲsilicate
H₄SiO₄	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	SiO₄^4-	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲ
HN₃	ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠯᠢᠭnitrous ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	N₃^-	ᠠᠽᠢᠳ᠋
HNO₂	ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠯᠢᠭ	NO₂^-	ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ᠋nitrite
HNO₃	ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	NO₃^-	ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ᠋
HPO₃	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷphosphorus ᠦ᠋ᠨ	PO₃^-	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲphosphate
H₃PO₄	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	PO₄^3-	ᠣᠷᠲᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ
H₃PO₂	ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠤ	PO₂^3-	ᠾᠢᠫᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
H₃PO₃	ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ	PO₃^3-	ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
HAsO₃	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	AsO₃^-	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲarsenite
H₃AsO₄	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	AsO₄^3-	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲ
H₂S	ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	S^2-	ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠳ᠋sulphide
H₂SO₃	ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ	SO₃^2-	ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠲ
H₂SO₄	ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	SO₄^2-	ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠠᠲ
H₂Se	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨselenium ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	Se^2-	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋selenide
H₂SeO₃	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠯᠢᠭ	SeO₃^2-	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠲ
H₂SeO₄	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨ ‍ᠤ	SeO₄^2-	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠠᠲ
H₂Te	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷtellurium ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	Te^2-	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠳ᠋telluride
H₂TeO₃	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠯᠢᠭ	TeO₃^2-	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ
HF	ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	F^-	ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋fluoride
HCl	ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ	Cl^-	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋
HClO	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠤ	ClO^-	ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋hypo ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
HClO₂	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭchlorous	ClO₂^-	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
HClO₃	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ	ClO₃^-	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
HClO₄	ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	ClO₄^-	ᠫᠧᠷper ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
HBr	ᠪᠷᠣᠮbromine ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	Br^-	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠳ᠋bromide
HBrO	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤ	BrO^-	ᠾᠶᠫᠣ᠋ ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
HBrO₂	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠯᠢᠭ	BrO₂^-	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
HBrO₃	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ	BrO₃^-	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
HBrO₄	ᠪᠷᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	BrO₄^-	ᠫᠧᠷᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
HI	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋iodine ᠣᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	I^-	ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠳ᠋iodide
HIO	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ᠵᠢᠭᠤ	IO^-	ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
HIO₂	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ᠯᠢᠭ	IO₂^-	ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
HIO₃	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ	IO₃^-	ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ
HIO₄	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	IO₄^-	ᠫᠧᠷ ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ

"ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋" ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ

ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

[1] Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18

[2] Britannica. Acid (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18

[1]

[2]