ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ
ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ
ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷlitosphere ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠲᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡspreading (ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ) ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠣᠭᠦᠳ (ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠪᠳᠦ᠋ᠻᠼᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠨ᠍ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ
ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠥ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠷᠻᠧᠢArchean ᠪᠤᠶᠦ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠡᠢ᠃
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠣᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠫᠷᠥᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠥᠢProterozoic ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ
ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠦ᠋ᠳ 400-600 ᠰᠠᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠥᠨᠥ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ 200-150 ᠰᠠᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠫᠠᠨᠭᠧᠶ ᠠ᠋Pangea ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠯᠠᠨᠲ᠋Atlantic ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨIndostan ᠧᠦᠷᠣ-ᠠᠰᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠲᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠷᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠰᠢᠪᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠧᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠣᠢᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠦᠪᠳᠦ᠋ᠻᠼᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠮᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷastenosphere ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃