ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ

ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃

ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ

ᠡᠬᠢᠨ	ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ	ᠠᠳᠠᠭ	ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ	ᠶᠦ᠋ᠨᠢᠺᠣᠳ᠋	ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ
ᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭ
ᠠ	᠊ᠠ᠊	᠊ᠠ	a	1820	ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
ᡄ	᠊ᡄ᠊	᠊ᡄ᠋᠎	e	1844
ᡅ᠊	᠊ᡅ᠊	᠊ᡅ᠋	i	1845
ᡆ	᠊ᡆ᠊	᠊ᡆ	o	1846
ᡇ᠊	᠊ᡇ᠊	᠊ᡇ	u	1847
ᡈ	᠊ᡈ᠊	᠊ᡈ	ö	1848
ᡉ᠊	᠊ᡉ᠊	᠊ᡉ	ü	1849
ᠭᠡᠢᠢᠯᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ
ᡋ᠊	᠊ᡋ᠊	ᡋ	b	184B
ᡏ᠊	᠊ᡏ᠊	ᡏ	m	184F
ᠯ	᠊ᠯ᠊	᠊ᠯ	l	182F	ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
ᠰ	᠊ᠰ᠊	᠊ᠰ	s	1830	ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
ᠱ	᠊ᠱ᠊	᠊ᠱ	sh	1831	ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
ᠨ	᠊ᠨ᠊	᠊ᠨ	n	1828	ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
ᡍ	᠊ᡍ᠊		x	184D
ᡎ	ᡎ	᠊ᡎ	q	184E
ᡐ	᠊ᡐ᠊	᠊ᡐ	t	1850
ᡑ	ᡑ	ᡑ	d	1851
ᡔ	᠊ᡔ᠊	᠊ᡔ	c	1854
ᡒ	᠊ᡒ᠊	᠊ᡒ	ch	1852
ᠴ	ᠴ		z	1834
ᡓ	ᡓ		j	1853
ᡕ	᠊ᡕ	᠊ᠢ	y	1855
ᠷ᠊	᠊ᠷ᠊	ᠷ	r	1837	ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ
	ᡊ᠊	ᡊ	ng	184A
ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ
ᡌ	ᡌ	᠊ᡌ	p/f	184C
ᡙ᠊	ᡙ		h	1859
ᡘ	ᡘ	᠊ᡘ	g	1858
ᡗ	ᡗ	᠊ᡗ	kh	1857
ᡚ	ᡚ		j	185A
ᡛ	ᡛ		ñ	185B
ᡜ	ᡜ		dz	185C
ᢘ	ᢘ	ᢘ	t	1898
ᢙ	ᢙ		zh	1899
ᠸ	᠊ᠸ᠊	᠊ᠸ	f	1838
ᡖ	ᡖ	᠊ᡖ	w	1856

ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ

Unicode ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ U+1800 – U+18AF ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ 1893 - 185C ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠺᠣᠳ᠋ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠌ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠲᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠋᠂

ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ

1635 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠩᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃

ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠮᠴᠣ (1599-1662) ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ 1648 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠵᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ 17 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ᠍ᠵᠤᠱᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯ᠂ 19 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠯᠦᠩ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃

ᠵᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1616 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠵᠤ ᠴᠠᠨᠢᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠳᠤ 20 ᠍ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠤᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 1639 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠡᠮ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃

ᠵᠠᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨᠳᠢᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠬᠠᠢᠢᠵᠠᠮᠴᠣ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠲᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠬᠦᠦ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠣᠮᠴᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠪᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ "ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ" ᠍ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠨᠠᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠴᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭᠲᠦ᠂ ᠠᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃

ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠫᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠪᠯᠠᠮ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ 379 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ  ‍ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃

ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃

ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ 1650-1662 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ 177 ᠨᠣᠮ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ 37 ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃

ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠂ ᠬᠣᠪᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨ᠍ᠺᠲ-ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠭ᠌ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ-ᠦᠳᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠲᠲᠾᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ 1924 ᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃

ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬ ∙ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠪᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠬᠣᠪᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ "ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ" ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ‍ᠢᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ 1969 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠫᠯᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃

ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ 1984 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ (Ph.D) ᠍ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃

ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠨᠠ᠊.ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠂ ᠪ ∙ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

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