ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃^[1]
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠢᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠠᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠠᠲᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠯᠢᠲᠮᠦ᠋ᠰlitmus ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋)᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠠᠯᠢᠽcatalysis) ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃^[2]
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢ

HA = H⁺ + A^-

ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄
HA ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂
H⁺ ᠨᠢ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂
A^- ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠍᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠰᠣᠼᠢᠶᠠᠴdissociation ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ᠃
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄

HCl ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠲᠤchlorine ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ)᠂ H₂SO₄ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ H₃BO₃ ᠪᠣᠷboron ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ

ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋	ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ	ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋
H₃BO₃	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣortho ᠪᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	BO₃^3-	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠪᠣᠷᠠᠲ᠋
H₂CO₃	ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ	CO₃^2-	ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲ᠋carbonate
H₂SiO₃	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠmeta ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	SiO₃^2-	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲsilicate
H₄SiO₄	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	SiO₄^4-	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠻᠠᠲ
HN₃	ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠯᠢᠭnitrous ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	N₃^-	ᠠᠽᠢᠳ᠋
HNO₂	ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠯᠢᠭ	NO₂^-	ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ᠋nitrite
HNO₃	ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	NO₃^-	ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ᠋
HPO₃	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷphosphorus ᠦ᠋ᠨ	PO₃^-	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲphosphate
H₃PO₄	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	PO₄^3-	ᠣᠷᠲᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ
H₃PO₂	ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠤ	PO₂^3-	ᠾᠢᠫᠣ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
H₃PO₃	ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ	PO₃^3-	ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠢᠲ
HAsO₃	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	AsO₃^-	ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲarsenite
H₃AsO₄	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠴᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	AsO₄^3-	ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ ᠠᠷᠰᠧᠨᠠᠲ
H₂S	ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠲᠦ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	S^2-	ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠳ᠋sulphide
H₂SO₃	ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ	SO₃^2-	ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠢᠲ
H₂SO₄	ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	SO₄^2-	ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠠᠲ
H₂Se	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨselenium ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	Se^2-	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠳ᠋selenide
H₂SeO₃	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠯᠢᠭ	SeO₃^2-	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠢᠲ
H₂SeO₄	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨ ‍ᠤ	SeO₄^2-	ᠰᠧᠯᠧᠨᠠᠲ
H₂Te	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷtellurium ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	Te^2-	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠳ᠋telluride
H₂TeO₃	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠯᠢᠭ	TeO₃^2-	ᠲᠧᠯᠯᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ
HF	ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	F^-	ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋fluoride
HCl	ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ	Cl^-	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋
HClO	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠵᠢᠭᠤ	ClO^-	ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋hypo ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
HClO₂	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭchlorous	ClO₂^-	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠲ
HClO₃	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ	ClO₃^-	ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
HClO₄	ᠻᠯᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	ClO₄^-	ᠫᠧᠷper ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠠᠲ
HBr	ᠪᠷᠣᠮbromine ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	Br^-	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠳ᠋bromide
HBrO	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤ	BrO^-	ᠾᠶᠫᠣ᠋ ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
HBrO₂	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠯᠢᠭ	BrO₂^-	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠢᠲ
HBrO₃	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ	BrO₃^-	ᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
HBrO₄	ᠪᠷᠣᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	BrO₄^-	ᠫᠧᠷᠪᠷᠣᠮᠠᠲ
HI	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋iodine ᠣᠰᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ	I^-	ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠳ᠋iodide
HIO	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ᠵᠢᠭᠤ	IO^-	ᠾᠢᠫᠣ᠋ ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
HIO₂	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ᠯᠢᠭ	IO₂^-	ᠢᠣᠳᠢᠲ
HIO₃	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ	IO₃^-	ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ
HIO₄	ᠢᠣᠳ᠋ ᠦ᠋ᠨ	IO₄^-	ᠫᠧᠷ ᠢᠣᠳᠠᠲ

"ᠣᠷᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋" ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ

ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

[1] Byju's Learning App. Acids and Bases. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18

[2] Britannica. Acid (chemical compound), ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/18

[1]

[2]