ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ

 

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨcation᠎ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎anion᠎ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠢ H⁺ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠠᠨ᠎᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠢ OH^– ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃᠄

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ + ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ → ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ + ᠤᠰᠤ

ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋᠄ NaCl᠂ CuCl₂᠃

ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠯᠢᠲelectrolyte ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢsodium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶammonium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋chloride᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄

ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ NH₄⁺

ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢcalcium Ca²⁺

ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ Fe²⁺
ᠪᠠ
Fe³⁺

ᠮᠠᠭᠨᠢmagnesium
Mg²⁺

ᠻᠠᠯᠢpotassium K⁺

ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠨᠢpyridinium C₅H₅NH⁺

ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠮᠢᠠᠻquaternary ammonium NR₄²⁺

᠂

R

ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠻᠢᠯalkyl ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯaryl ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ

ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ Na⁺

ᠵᠡᠰ Cu²⁺

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ (ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ)᠄

ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲacetate CH₃COO⁻ (ᠴᠤᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲcarbonate CO₃²⁻ (ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋chloride Cl⁻ (ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠼᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲcitrate HOC(COO⁻)(CH₂COO⁻)₂ (ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠼᠢᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠋cyanide C≡N⁻ (ᠰᠢᠨᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳfluoride F⁻ (hydrofluoric ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲnitrate NO₃^- (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲnitrite NO₂^- (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠢᠰᠦᠯ O^2-

ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲphosphate PO₄^3- (ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠰᠦ᠋ᠹᠠᠲsulfate SO₄^2- (ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ

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