ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ

 

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ

ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ
NaCl ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠣᠨ᠎cation᠎ (ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ) ᠪᠠ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎anion᠎ (ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠢ H⁺ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠠᠨ᠎᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠢ OH^– ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃᠄

ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ + ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ → ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ + ᠤᠰᠤ

ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋᠄ NaCl᠂ CuCl₂᠃

ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠯᠢᠲelectrolyte ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ

ᠵᠡᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋
CuCl₂ ᠦ᠋ᠨ
ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ
ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ
3
ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ
ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢsodium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶammonium ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋chloride᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ‍ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄

ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ NH₄⁺

ᠻᠠᠯᠼᠢcalcium Ca²⁺

ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ Fe²⁺
ᠪᠠ
Fe³⁺

ᠮᠠᠭᠨᠢmagnesium
Mg²⁺

ᠻᠠᠯᠢpotassium K⁺

ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠨᠢpyridinium C₅H₅NH⁺

ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶquaternary ammonium NR₄²⁺

᠂

R

ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠻᠢᠯalkyl ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯaryl ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ

ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ Na⁺

ᠵᠡᠰ Cu²⁺

ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ᠎ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ (ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ‍ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ)᠄

ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲacetate CH₃COO⁻ (ᠴᠤᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠨᠠᠲcarbonate CO₃²⁻ (ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋chloride Cl⁻ (ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠼᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲcitrate HOC(COO⁻)(CH₂COO⁻)₂ (ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠼᠢᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠋cyanide C≡N⁻ (ᠰᠢᠨᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳfluoride F⁻ (hydrofluoric ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲnitrate NO₃^- (ᠱᠡᠦᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲnitrite NO₂^- (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠢᠰᠦᠯ O^2-

ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲphosphate PO₄^3- (ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠠᠲsulfate SO₄^2- (ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)

ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ

ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ
ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

давс
хүчил
суурь
саармагжуулах урвал
анион
катион
salt
acid
base
reaction of neutralisation
anion
cation
соль
кислота
основание
реакция нейтрализации

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ