ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋
ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋

ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠧᠯᠯ-ᠮᠠᠨᠨ (Murray Gell-Mann) ᠠᠩᠬ ᠠ 1963 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠧᠢᠢᠮᠰ ᠵᠣᠢᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ (James Joyce) 《ᠹᠢᠨᠨᠡᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ》ᠵᠥᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠦ Three quarks for Muster Mark! ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃

ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ

ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ
ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷᠲ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ᠃
ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠂ ᠨᠧᠦᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ
ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ

ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ᠄  ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ (ᠦᠨᠡᠷ) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ 1⁄3᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ 2⁄3 ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃
ᠰᠫᠢᠨ᠎: ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠸᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ +ħ/2 ᠪᠣᠶᠣ −ħ/2 ᠣᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠢ ᠰᠫᠢᠨ᠎-½ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃^[1]
ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ  ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃  ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃  ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂  ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ (ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ᠂ ᠭᠣᠶᠣ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ) W ᠪᠣᠽᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠬᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ (ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ) ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠢᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃  ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠎ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠫᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ᠎᠂ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠨ᠎᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ (ᠠᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠨᠧᠶᠢᠲᠷᠢᠨᠣ) ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃

ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠄ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠤᠨᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠶ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠯᠦ᠋ᠶᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠃ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠲᠡᠶ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠻᠷᠣᠮᠣᠳᠢᠨᠠᠮᠢᠻ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃
ᠮᠠᠰᠰ᠄ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠮᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠻᠸᠡᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠯᠦ᠋ᠶᠣᠨ᠎ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ  
ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ  
ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ

ᠻᠸᠠᠷᠻ ᠤᠨ
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ
ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦᠨ
ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ^[2]
ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ .....	ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ	ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ([[\|Electronvolt (mass)\|MeV/c²]])^*	J	B	Q ([[\|elementary charge\|e]])	I₃	C	S	T	B′	ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ.............	ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ	u	2.3±0.7 ± 0.5	1/2	+1/3	+2/3	+1/2	0	0	0	0	ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢ	ū
ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ	d	4.8±0.5±0.3	1/2	+1/3	−1/3	−1/2	0	0	0	0	ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ	ƌ
ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ
ᠭᠣᠶᠤ	c	1275±25	1/2	+1/3	+2/3	0	+1	0	0	0	ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠭᠣᠶᠤ	ċ
ᠭᠠᠵᠢ	s	95±5	1/2	+1/3	−1/3	0	0	−1	0	0	ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠢ	ṡ
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ
ᠲᠠᠭ	t	173210±510±710	1/2	+1/3	+2/3	0	0	0	+1	0	ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠭ	ṫ
ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ	b	4180±30	1/2	+1/3	−1/3	0	0	0	0	−1	ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ	ƃ

J = ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ
ᠦᠩᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ
ᠮᠣᠮᠧᠨᠲ, B = ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠶᠣᠨ ᠤ
ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ, Q = ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ
ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ, I₃ = ᠢᠰᠣᠰᠫᠢᠨ, C = ᠭᠣᠶᠤ
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ, S/ = ᠭᠠᠵᠢ
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ, T = ᠲᠠᠭ
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ, B′ = ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ

ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ
ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

кварк
кваркийн онол
эгэл бөөмс
quarks
elementary particles
quant mechanics

ᠡᠬᠢ
ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

↑ {cock{cite book|author=F. Close|title=The New Cosmic Onion|pages=80–90|publisher=[[|CRC Press]]|year=2006|isbn=1-58488-798-2
↑ {{cite journal |author1=K.A. Olive |displayauthors=etal |collaboration=[[|Particle Data Group]] |title=Review of Particle Physics |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=090001 |year=2014 |bibcode=2014ChPhC..38i0001O |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/38/9/090001

[1] {cock{cite book|author=F. Close|title=The New Cosmic Onion|pages=80–90|publisher=[[|CRC Press]]|year=2006|isbn=1-58488-798-2

[PDGQuarks-2] {{cite journal |author1=K.A. Olive |displayauthors=etal |collaboration=[[|Particle Data Group]] |title=Review of Particle Physics |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=090001 |year=2014 |bibcode=2014ChPhC..38i0001O |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/38/9/090001

[1]

[2]

ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋

ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ

ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ

ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠦ