ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ
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ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠯᠠᠰᠧᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ |
ᠬᠢᠴᠡ
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ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ |
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ (core)᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ (cladding᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ)᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ (buffer coating) ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠨᠳᠧᠺᠰ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠠᠨᠴᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[1]
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠷᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ.ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠬᠣᠭᠠ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠺᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠯᠢᠴᠠᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠣ᠋ ᠍ ᠳᠦᠶᠢᠯᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠷᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠧᠮᠣᠳᠦᠶᠢᠯᠢᠶᠠᠼ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠺᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠡᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢᠲᠡᠢ᠃[2]
ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ 80-100 km ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ (repeaters) ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠦ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ (optical amplifier) ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ erbium᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ytterbium ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃[3]
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨᠲ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 〔〔ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ〕〕 ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ 〔〔ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨᠺ ᠤᠨ|ᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠢᠨ᠍ᠻ〕〕 ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠨᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠴᠣᠷᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃[4]
ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃[5] ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠺᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠱᠤᠤᠳᠤᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠣᠩᠭᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠦᠰᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠤᠬᠤᠴᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠢᠨᠵᠧᠨᠧᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠺᠠᠪᠧᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠄
Transatlantic᠄ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠲᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
Transpacific᠄ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠦᠢᠰᠲᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠄ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ – ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ – ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ᠄ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ – ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠺᠠ – ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ᠃
ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠲᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠄ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠠᠯ᠄
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠲᠧᠯᠧᠸᠢᠽ᠂ ᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠨᠡᠲ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[6]
ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠯᠠᠽᠧᠷ ᠮᠡᠰᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ᠂ MRI᠂ CT ᠰᠺᠠᠨᠧᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃[7]
ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠫᠷᠣᠼᠧᠰᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠫᠣᠷᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠺᠣᠨᠼᠧᠷᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠵᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠸᠢᠳᠢᠣ᠋ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠭᠭᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠧᠷᠸᠧᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠣᠴᠣᠷᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ᠄ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠨᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠼᠢ᠂ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠣᠨᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ
- ↑ Craig Freudenrich, Chris Pollette. How Fiber Optics Work. How Stuff Works 2022/07/29 https://computer.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic1.htm
- ↑ Maxime Fazilleau. What Makes Optical Fibre Immune To EMI. Tiny Green PC 2017/01/23. https://www.tinygreenpc.com/blog/optical-fibre-immune-to-electromagnetic-interference/#:~:text=Fibre%20optic%20cables%20are%20non᠂electrical%20noise%20in%20the%20environment.
- ↑ Dual-Clad Erbium/Ytterbium Doped Fiber. New Port 2013/11/08᠃ https://www.newport.com/medias/sysmaster/images/images/h2b/h58/8797089038366/Dual-Clad-Erbium-Ytterbium-Doped-Fiber.pdf
- ↑ Fibre optic vs satellite: What’s the difference? Airband 2022/11/24. https://www.airband.co.uk/fibre-optic-vs-satellite-difference/#:~:text=Fibre%20broadband%20is%20far%20better,disruption%20in%20the%20satellite's%20communications%2C
- ↑ Nitin Abbey. Fibre vs. satellite: Which is a better approach for rural connectivity? STL 2022/11/30. https://www.stl.tech/blog/fibre-vs-satellite-which-is-a-better-approach-for-rural-connectivity
- ↑ Ben Hamlitsch. The Role of Fiber Optic Cables in Computer Networking. True Fiber 2023/01/10. https://www.truefiber.com/blogs/fiber-forum/the-role-of-fiber-optic-cables-in-computer-networking
- ↑ Ronald Sroka. Optical Fibers in Medical Technology. Photonics News No 79, ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2023/04/12. https://www.lasercomponents.com/de-en/news/optical-fibers-in-medical-technology