ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ

<img src="Lorentz.JPG"> ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠫᠷᠣᠼᠧᠰᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ - ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠠᠯᠪᠧᠷᠲ ᠧᠢᠢᠨᠱᠲᠠᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠫᠷᠥᠼᠧᠰᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ - ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ - ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ - ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠧᠢᠢᠨᠱᠲᠠᠢᠨ᠍ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ 1905 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ - ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠧᠢᠢᠨᠱᠲᠠᠢᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠮᠤᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠧᠢᠢᠨᠱᠲᠠᠢᠨ᠍ 1915 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠷᠧᠯᠠᠲᠢᠸᠢᠰᠲ (relativistic) ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠸᠠᠻᠦᠦᠮ (vacuum) ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ (v) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ^[1]

ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ

ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ (postulate) ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠄
1. ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠢᠨᠧᠷᠼᠢᠶᠠᠯ (inertial) ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠠᠳᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂
2. ᠸᠠᠻᠤᠤᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠃

ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠯᠣᠷᠧᠨ᠍ᠼ (Lorentz) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠮᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠻᠣᠣᠷᠳᠢᠨᠠᠲ (coordinate) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠶ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠋᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃ ᠯᠣᠷᠧᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠣᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠄
1. ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠠᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠸᠠᠻᠤᠤᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ᠂
2. ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ᠂^[2]
3. ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ γ=1/sqrt(1-v²/c²) ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂
4. ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠴᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠋ ᠮᠥᠨ γ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠨᠢᠰᠬᠤ᠂
5. ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ γ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋᠃
6. ᠬᠥᠳᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠍ᠱᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ E=mc² ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋᠃ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠩ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ E=m₀c² ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ m₀ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠪᠤᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋᠃ ^[3]

ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ

ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ᠄ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ - ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ (ᠣᠷᠤᠨ - ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭ) ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃
ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ^[4] ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠨᠢ ᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠍ᠱᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ (equivalence) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ - ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠮᠤᠢ᠃ ^[5] ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠩᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠍ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠦᠳ᠄
1. ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂
2. ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ᠂
3. ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ - ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠢᠷᠬᠦ᠂
4. ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠄ ᠮᠠᠨᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠻᠲᠢᠺ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠯᠠᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠴᠢᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
5. ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠨᠧᠸᠲᠣᠨ (Newton) ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠢᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠧᠢᠢᠨ᠍ᠱᠲᠠᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ (astrophysics) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠄ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠫᠦᠯᠰᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋᠃

ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋

ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃^[6]

ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ

ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠮᠯᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠩᠭᠢᠳᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠶᠧᠻᠲᠢᠸ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠣᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃^[7] ᠨᠠᠷᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠭᠬᠢᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ

Special Theory of Relativity
General Theory of Relativity
Специальная теория относительности
Общая теория относительности
Харьцангуйн онол
Харьцангуйн тусгай онол
Харьцангуйн ерөнхий онол

ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

↑ А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989
↑ Lumen Learning https://courses.lumenlearning.com ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020 ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ 06 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 02
↑ А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989
↑ University of Pittsburg http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/general_relativity ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ: 2020 ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 31
↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ: 2020 ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ 06 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 01
↑ А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989
↑ А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989

[1] А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989

[2] Lumen Learning https://courses.lumenlearning.com ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020 ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ 06 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 02

[3] А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989

[4] University of Pittsburg http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/general_relativity ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ: 2020 ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 31

[5] Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ: 2020 ᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ 06 ᠰᠠᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ 01

[6] А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989

[7] А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989

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