"ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
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| 2-р мөр: | 2-р мөр: | ||
=ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ= | =ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ= | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Salze Natriumchloridgitter Kugeln.svg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ<br>ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ<br>{{Horizontal}}NaCl{{Z}} ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ]]{{Z}}<br><br> | {{Horizontal}}[[File:Salze Natriumchloridgitter Kugeln.svg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ<br>ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ<br>{{Horizontal}}NaCl{{Z}} ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ]]{{Z}}<br><br> | ||
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ <ruby> | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ <ruby>ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠣᠨ<rt>cation</rt></ruby> ([[ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ]]) ᠪᠠ <ruby>ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ<rt>anion</rt></ruby> ([[ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ]]) ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<br> | ||
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠻᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ {{Horizontal}}<i>H<sup>+</sup></i>{{Z}} ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ {{Horizontal}}<i>OH<sup>–</sup></i>{{Z}} ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<ref>[https://byjus.com/chemistry/salts-types-hydrolysis The Learning App Byju's. Salt chemistry. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref><br> | ||
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/salt-acid-base-reactions Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref>᠄<br> | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/salt-acid-base-reactions Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref>᠄<br> | ||
| 12-р мөр: | 12-р мөр: | ||
ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ <ruby>ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠯᠢᠲ<rt>electrolyte</rt></ruby> ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/salt-acid-base-reactions Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref><br> | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠨᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠢᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ <ruby>ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠣᠯᠢᠲ<rt>electrolyte</rt></ruby> ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/science/salt-acid-base-reactions Britannica. Salt. Acid-base reactions. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2020/09/22]</ref><br> | ||
=ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ= | =ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ= | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Tolbachite-3D-balls.png|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠵᠡᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br> | {{Horizontal}}[[File:Tolbachite-3D-balls.png|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠵᠡᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋<br>{{Horizontal}}CuCl<sub>2</sub>{{Z}} ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠰᠲᠤ<br>ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>{{Horizontal}}3{{Z}}<br>ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ]]{{Z}} | ||
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ <ruby>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ<rt>sodium</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠂ <ruby>ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ<rt>ammonium</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ <ruby> | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ <ruby>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ<rt>sodium</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠂ <ruby>ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ<rt>ammonium</rt></ruby> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠨᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ <ruby>ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋<rt>chloride</rt></ruby>᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃ <br> | ||
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ) ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠢᠥᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ (ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠻ᠊ᠯᠣᠷᠢᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠼᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ) ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<br><br> | ||
ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠥᠨ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄<br> | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠻᠠᠲᠢᠥᠨ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄<br> | ||
| 24-р мөр: | 24-р мөр: | ||
<dd><ruby>ᠻᠠᠯᠢ<rt>potassium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}K<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | <dd><ruby>ᠻᠠᠯᠢ<rt>potassium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}K<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | ||
<dd><ruby>ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠨᠢ<rt>pyridinium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NH<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | <dd><ruby>ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠳᠢᠨᠢ<rt>pyridinium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NH<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | ||
<dd><ruby>ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠲᠦ | <dd><ruby>ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠶ<rt>quaternary ammonium</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NR<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup><p style="text-align:center;">᠂<p style="text-align:center;">R</p>{{Z}}ᠨᠢ <ruby>ᠠᠯᠻᠢᠯ<rt>alkyl</rt></ruby> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ <ruby>ᠠᠷᠢᠯ<rt>aryl</rt></ruby> ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ<br> | ||
<dd>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ {{Horizontal}}Na<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | <dd>ᠨᠠᠲ᠋ᠷᠢ {{Horizontal}}Na<sup>+</sup>{{Z}}<br> | ||
<dd>ᠵᠡᠰ {{Horizontal}}Cu<sup>2+</sup>{{Z}}</dd><br><br> | <dd>ᠵᠡᠰ {{Horizontal}}Cu<sup>2+</sup>{{Z}}</dd><br><br> | ||
| 36-р мөр: | 36-р мөр: | ||
<dd><ruby>ᠼᠢᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠋<rt>cyanide</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}C≡N<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (ᠰᠢᠨᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) | <dd><ruby>ᠼᠢᠠᠨᠢᠳ᠋<rt>cyanide</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}C≡N<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (ᠰᠢᠨᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) | ||
<dd><ruby>ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ<rt>fluoride</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}F<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (hydrofluoric ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) | <dd><ruby>ᠹᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠢᠳ<rt>fluoride</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}F<sup>−</sup>{{Z}} (hydrofluoric ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) | ||
<dd><ruby>ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ<rt>nitrate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>{{Z}} ( | <dd><ruby>ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ<rt>nitrate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠱᠡᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) | ||
<dd><ruby>ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ<rt>nitrite</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) | <dd><ruby>ᠨᠢᠲ᠋ᠷᠢᠲ<rt>nitrite</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠋ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) | ||
<dd>ᠢᠰᠦᠯ {{Horizontal}}O<sup>2-</sup>{{Z}} | <dd>ᠢᠰᠦᠯ {{Horizontal}}O<sup>2-</sup>{{Z}} | ||
<dd><ruby>ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ<rt>phosphate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) | <dd><ruby>ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ<rt>phosphate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ) | ||
<dd><ruby> | <dd><ruby>ᠰᠦ᠋ᠯᠹᠠᠲ<rt>sulfate</rt></ruby> {{Horizontal}}SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>{{Z}} (ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ)</dd><br><br> | ||
=ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ= | =ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ= | ||