"ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ (засварлах)
18:43, 26 Аравдугаар сар 2020-ий байдлаарх засвар
, 26 Аравдугаар сар 2020Layout
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|text=ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ<br>ᠮᠡᠯᠮᠡᠶ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠤᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ | |text=ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ<br>ᠮᠡᠯᠮᠡᠶ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠤᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ | ||
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ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ XIII-XIX ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬVI ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠰᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠩ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠴᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠥᠨᠥ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢ 1586 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯᠡ 《ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ》 ᠍ ᠳᠤ 《1585 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ》 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ 《ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1585 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠴᠢ᠂ ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1586 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1599 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ 》ᠪᠠᠲᠤ-ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ《 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ 1796-1798 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1803 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ 200x250 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ 108 ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ 108 ᠍ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠸᠡᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 1718-1719 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠷᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ᠂ 1764-1770 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ 1799 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ IV ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠳ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭᠲᠦ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ-ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠡᠢ 200 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠣᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 》ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ《 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠣᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠩᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ. XIX ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 90 ᠊ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ 62 ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ XX ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ 600 ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠽᠠᠰᠢᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ 1701-1705 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨᠽᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ 》ᠠᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠴᠢ《᠂ 1759-1785 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠪᠠᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ 》ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠦᠰᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠷᠵᠢ《 ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃ 1940 ᠊ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠳᠤ 11 ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠩᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢ 1944 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ XIII-XIX ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬVI ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠰᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠩ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠴᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠥᠨᠥ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢ 1586 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯᠡ 《ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ》 ᠍ ᠳᠤ 《1585 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ》 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ 《ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1585 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠴᠢ᠂ ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1586 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1599 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ 》ᠪᠠᠲᠤ-ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ《 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ 1796-1798 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1803 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ 200x250 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ 108 ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ 108 ᠍ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠸᠡᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 1718-1719 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠷᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ᠂ 1764-1770 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ 1799 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ IV ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠳ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭᠲᠦ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ-ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠡᠢ 200 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠣᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 》ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ《 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠡᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠣᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠩᠬᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ. XIX ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 90 ᠊ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ 62 ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ XX ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ 600 ᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠽᠠᠰᠢᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ 1701-1705 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨᠽᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ 》ᠠᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠴᠢ《᠂ 1759-1785 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠪᠠᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ 》ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠦᠰᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠷᠵᠢ《 ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃ 1940 ᠊ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠳᠤ 11 ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠩᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠵᠤᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢ 1944 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ||
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=ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ= | =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ= | ||
ᠰ᠃ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ | ᠰ᠃ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ | ||
[[Ангилал:ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋]] | [[Ангилал:ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋]] | ||
[[Ангилал:ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ]] | [[Ангилал:ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ]] | ||