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"ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ (кодоор харах)
09:02, 21 Арваннэгдүгээр сар 2020-ий байдлаарх засвар
, 21 Арваннэгдүгээр сар 2020Layout
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| 12-р мөр: | 12-р мөр: | ||
=ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ= | =ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ= | ||
==ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ= | <br> | ||
==ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ== | |||
ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠥ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠷᠻᠧᠢ<sup>Archean</sup> ᠪᠤᠶᠦ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠡᠢ᠃ <br> | ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠥ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠷᠻᠧᠢ<sup>Archean</sup> ᠪᠤᠶᠦ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠡᠢ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠣᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠫᠷᠥᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠥᠢ<sup>Proterozoic</sup> ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠣᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠫᠷᠥᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠥᠢ<sup>Proterozoic</sup> ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
== ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ== | ==ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ== | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Pangea animation 03.gif|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ<br>ᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠭᠧᠶ ᠠ᠋<br>ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠡᠴᠡ<br>ᠥᠨᠦ<br>ᠴᠠᠭ<br>ᠬᠦᠲᠡᠯ ᠡ᠋]]{{Z}} | {{Horizontal}}[[File:Pangea animation 03.gif|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ<br>ᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠭᠧᠶ ᠠ᠋<br>ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠡᠴᠡ<br>ᠥᠨᠦ<br>ᠴᠠᠭ<br>ᠬᠦᠲᠡᠯ ᠡ᠋]]{{Z}} | ||
| 47-р мөр: | 48-р мөр: | ||
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠄ | ||
* ᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ | * ᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ <small>(ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢ) </small> ᠪᠠ <b> | ||
* ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ</b> <small> (200 ᠰᠠᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ) </small> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | * ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ</b> <small> (200 ᠰᠠᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ) </small> ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ||
ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ) ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ (ᠵᠡᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ) ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ||
| 67-р мөр: | 68-р мөр: | ||
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠻᠣᠻᠣᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠵᠦᠠᠨ᠍ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠹᠦᠻᠠ<sup>Juan de Fuca</sup> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠹᠠᠷᠠᠯᠥᠨ᠍ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃ <br><br> | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠻᠣᠻᠣᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠵᠦᠠᠨ᠍ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠹᠦᠻᠠ<sup>Juan de Fuca</sup> ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠹᠠᠷᠠᠯᠥᠨ᠍ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠃ <br><br> | ||
=ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠳ (ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ)= | |||
ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠲᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠥᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠲᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠥᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <ref> Valencia, Diana; O'Connell, Richard J.; Sasselov, Dimitar D (November 2007). "Inevitability of Plate Tectonics on Super-Earths". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 670 (1): L45-L48.arXiv:0710.0699. Bibcode:2007ApJ...670L..45V.doi:10.1086/524012.</ref> | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <ref> Valencia, Diana; O'Connell, Richard J.; Sasselov, Dimitar D (November 2007). "Inevitability of Plate Tectonics on Super-Earths". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 670 (1): L45-L48.arXiv:0710.0699. Bibcode:2007ApJ...670L..45V.doi:10.1086/524012.</ref> | ||
== ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ== | |||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:VenusLava.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ<br>ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋<br>ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠮᠠᠯ<br>ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ<br>(ᠯᠠᠸᠠ)<br>ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br>ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ]]{{Z}} | {{Horizontal}}[[File:VenusLava.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ<br>ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋<br>ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠮᠠᠯ<br>ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ<br>(ᠯᠠᠸᠠ)<br>ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br>ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ]]{{Z}} | ||
| 84-р мөр: | 85-р мөр: | ||
ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref> Kasting, James F. (1988). "Runaway and moist greenhouse atmospheres and the evolution of Earth and Venus". Icarus. 74(3): 472–94. Bibcode:1988Icar...74..472K. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(88)90116-9. PMID 11538226.</ref><ref> Bortman, Henry (2004-08-26). "Was Venus alive? "The Signs are Probably There"". Astrobiology Magazine. Retrieved 2020-08-09 </ref> <br> | ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref> Kasting, James F. (1988). "Runaway and moist greenhouse atmospheres and the evolution of Earth and Venus". Icarus. 74(3): 472–94. Bibcode:1988Icar...74..472K. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(88)90116-9. PMID 11538226.</ref><ref> Bortman, Henry (2004-08-26). "Was Venus alive? "The Signs are Probably There"". Astrobiology Magazine. Retrieved 2020-08-09 </ref> <br> | ||
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠩ ᠴᠠᠪᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br> | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠩ ᠴᠠᠪᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br> | ||
==ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ== | |||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:PIA02820.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ<br>ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ<br>ᠪᠠ<br>ᠨᠠᠮ<br>ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ<br>ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ<br>ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br>ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ]]{{Z}} | {{Horizontal}}[[File:PIA02820.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ<br>ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ<br>ᠪᠠ<br>ᠨᠠᠮ<br>ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ<br>ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ<br>ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br>ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ]]{{Z}} | ||
| 95-р мөр: | 96-р мөр: | ||
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋<ref>{{Harvnb|Connerney|Acuña|Wasilewski|Ness|1999}}, {{Harvnb|Connerney|Acuña|Ness|Kletetschka|2005}}</ref>᠃<br> | ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋<ref>{{Harvnb|Connerney|Acuña|Wasilewski|Ness|1999}}, {{Harvnb|Connerney|Acuña|Ness|Kletetschka|2005}}</ref>᠃<br> | ||
ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ<ref> Harrison, C.G.A. (2000). "Questions About Magnetic Lineations in the Ancient Crust of Mars". Science. </ref>᠃ <br> | ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ<ref> Harrison, C.G.A. (2000). "Questions About Magnetic Lineations in the Ancient Crust of Mars". Science. </ref>᠃ <br> | ||
==ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ== | |||
ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:EuropaInterior1.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ<br>ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ]]{{Z}} | {{Horizontal}}[[File:EuropaInterior1.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ<br>ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ]]{{Z}} | ||
| 104-р мөр: | 105-р мөр: | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:First_global_geologic_map_of_Titan_(PIA23174).jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠰᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷ<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ<br>ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤ<br>ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ]]{{Z}} | {{Horizontal}}[[File:First_global_geologic_map_of_Titan_(PIA23174).jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠰᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷ<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ<br>ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤ<br>ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ]]{{Z}} | ||
==ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰ== | |||
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ 2007 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ 2007 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ||