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"Сэтгэл төдийтний тогтсон таалал"-ны өөр хувилбарууд

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ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ‌᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ Saṅdhinirmocana ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠬᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ (pratipakṣa) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢᠻᠠᠶᠠ (Nikāya) ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ (Abhidharma)᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠬᠤ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ (neyārtha)᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠢᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠢᠾᠢᠯᠢᠰᠮ (nihilism) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠷᠪᠠ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ (nītārtha) ᠪᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ (nitārtha) ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠥᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠮᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠨᠡᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦᠬᠤᠢ᠃  ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ (abhidharma)᠂ ᠤᠴᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠴᠡ (cosmology)᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋.
ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠥ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ‌᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ Saṅdhinirmocana ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠬᠢ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ (pratipakṣa) ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠢ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢᠻᠠᠶᠠ (Nikāya) ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠬᠲᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ (Abhidharma)᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠬᠤ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ (neyārtha)᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠰᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠶᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠢᠢᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠢᠾᠢᠯᠢᠰᠮ (nihilism) ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠣᠷᠪᠠ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ (nītārtha) ᠪᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠬᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ (nitārtha) ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠥᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠮᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠨᠡᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦᠬᠤᠢ᠃  ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠊ᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ (abhidharma)᠂ ᠤᠴᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠴᠡ (cosmology)᠂ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ᠊ᠠ᠋.
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<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Asanga.JPG|thumb|