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"Квант механик"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
Квант механик (засварлах)
17:38, 20 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2020-ий байдлаарх засвар
, 20 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2020Layout
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ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ᠂ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠶ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠥᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠣ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠶ ᠪᠠ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠶ ᠊ᠢ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠠᠻᠷᠣᠰᠻᠣᠫᠶ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠣ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠰᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠾᠨᠣᠯᠣᠺᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠦ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠻᠷᠤ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠢᠻᠷᠣ᠋ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠣᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃[1] ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠣᠬᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢᠳ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ 20 ᠊ᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠍ᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠭᠦᠥᠷᠨᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠰᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠮ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠡᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠢ ᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠰᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣᠻᠰ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠷᠢᠴᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠹᠧᠢᠢᠨᠮᠠᠨ (Richard Feynman) ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ 《ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠣ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ》[2] | ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ᠂ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠶ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠥᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠲᠣ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠶ ᠪᠠ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠶ ᠊ᠢ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠮᠠᠻᠷᠣᠰᠻᠣᠫᠶ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠣ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠰᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠾᠨᠣᠯᠣᠺᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠴᠦ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠻᠷᠤ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠢᠻᠷᠣ᠋ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠣᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃[1] ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠣᠬᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢᠳ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ 20 ᠊ᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠊ᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭ᠍ᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠭᠦᠥᠷᠨᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠰᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠮ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠡᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠢ ᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠠᠰᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠭᠲᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠠ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣᠻᠰ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠷᠢᠴᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠹᠧᠢᠢᠨᠮᠠᠨ (Richard Feynman) ᠊ᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ 《ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠣ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ》[2] | ||
ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ (ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ (discrete) ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ) ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠰᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ᠂ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠥᠨ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠴᠦ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠶ᠂ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠫᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ (ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠯᠠᠯ) ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ (ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋) ᠊ᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠣᠷᠠᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[3] | ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠺᠶ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ (ᠹᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ (discrete) ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ) ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠣ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠰᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ᠂ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠧᠯᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷᠥᠨ ᠊ᠣᠳ ᠴᠦ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠶ᠂ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠫᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠊ᠢ (ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠯᠠᠯ) ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ (ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠮᠣᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋) ᠊ᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠣᠷᠠᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[3] | ||
| 11-р мөр: | 11-р мөр: | ||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:RWP-comparison.svg|thumb|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'"><br> <br>]]</span> | <span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:RWP-comparison.svg|thumb|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'"><br> <br>]]</span> | ||
ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ 1900 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠠᠻᠰ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ | ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ 1900 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠮᠠᠻᠰ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ (Max Planck) ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃[4] ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠥᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠪᠣᠦᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠣ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ||
ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠦᠩ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠢᠠ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ 《ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ》᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠷᠥᠫᠥᠷᠼᠢᠶᠥᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠦᠩ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠢᠠ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ 《ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ》᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠫᠷᠥᠫᠥᠷᠼᠢᠶᠥᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ||
ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ h ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠳᠬ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ 6.63×10−34 ᠵᠣᠥ᠋ᠯ (Joule) ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠋ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃ f ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ | ᠫᠯᠠᠨ᠋ᠻ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠢ h ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠳᠬ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ 6.63×10−34 ᠵᠣᠥ᠋ᠯ (Joule) ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠋ ᠊ᠡ᠋᠃ f ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ | ||
| 44-р мөр: | 44-р мөр: | ||
=ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ= | =ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ= | ||
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> | </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> | ||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;"> | <span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb;"> | ||
• Bernstein, Jeremy (2005). "Max Born and the quantum theory". American Journal of Physics 73 (11): 999. Bibcode:2005AmJPh..73..999B. doi:10.1119/1.2060717.<br> | • Bernstein, Jeremy (2005). "Max Born and the quantum theory". American Journal of Physics 73 (11): 999. Bibcode:2005AmJPh..73..999B. doi:10.1119/1.2060717.<br> | ||