"Sunyata"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
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=ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ= | =ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ= | ||
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==ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ== | |||
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ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃<ref>Bronkhorst, Johannes (2009), Buddhist Teaching in India, Wisdom Publications</ref><br> | ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃<ref>Bronkhorst, Johannes (2009), Buddhist Teaching in India, Wisdom Publications</ref><br> | ||
ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002</ref><br> | ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>Williams, Paul, Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition, 2002</ref><br> | ||
=ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ= | ==ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ== | ||
ᠶᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ <b>ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠯ</b> ᠳᠤ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ समधिनिर्मोचना᠂ ᠰᠠᠩᠲᠾᠢᠨᠢᠷᠮᠣᠨᠣᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དགོངས་པ་ངེས་འགྲེལ༏᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠭᠣᠩᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠩᠧᠰ ᠠᠭᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠭᠣᠩᠪᠠ ᠧᠳᠢᠯ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<ref> King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East & West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994 </ref> <br> | ᠶᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ <b>ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠯ</b> ᠳᠤ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ समधिनिर्मोचना᠂ ᠰᠠᠩᠲᠾᠢᠨᠢᠷᠮᠣᠨᠣᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ དགོངས་པ་ངེས་འགྲེལ༏᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠭᠣᠩᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠩᠧᠰ ᠠᠭᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠭᠣᠩᠪᠠ ᠧᠳᠢᠯ) ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋᠋ᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<ref> King, Richard, Early Yogācāra and its Relationship with the Madhyamaka School, Philosophy East & West Volume 44, Number 4 October 1994 </ref> <br> | ||
ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷᠶᠦ᠋ ᠰᠻᠢᠯᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ<sup>subject</sup> (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ: ग्राहक᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ: འཛིན་པ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ ) ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ<sup>object</sup> (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ: ग्राह्य, ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ: བཛུང་པ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ) ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>Skilton, Andrew (1994). A Concise History of Buddhism. Windhorse Publications, London</ref><br><br> | ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲᠷᠶᠦ᠋ ᠰᠻᠢᠯᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤ<sup>subject</sup> (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ: ग्राहक᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ: འཛིན་པ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ ) ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ<sup>object</sup> (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ: ग्राह्य, ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ: བཛུང་པ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠡᠰᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ) ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>Skilton, Andrew (1994). A Concise History of Buddhism. Windhorse Publications, London</ref><br><br> | ||
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ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ<sup>རྣམ་པར་རིག་བྱེད (विज्ञप्तिः)</sup> ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃<ref>Kalupahana, David J. The Principles of Buddhist Psychology. Satguru Publications, Delhi 1992</ref> | ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ<sup>རྣམ་པར་རིག་བྱེད (विज्ञप्तिः)</sup> ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃<ref>Kalupahana, David J. The Principles of Buddhist Psychology. Satguru Publications, Delhi 1992</ref> | ||
= ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ= | == ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ== | ||
ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<br> | ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠮ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<br> | ||
ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃<br> | ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠨᠲᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃<br> | ||
| 91-р мөр: | 93-р мөр: | ||
* ᠵᠣᠭᠴᠧᠨ (རྫོགས་ཆེན) ᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠤ “ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ” (ཀུན་གཞི) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭ<ref>Иванов В. П. Философия буддизма. Энциклопедия (рус.) / под ред. М. Т. Стнпанянц. — М.: Восточная литература, 2011</ref><br> | * ᠵᠣᠭᠴᠧᠨ (རྫོགས་ཆེན) ᠦ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠤ “ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ” (ཀུན་གཞི) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭ<ref>Иванов В. П. Философия буддизма. Энциклопедия (рус.) / под ред. М. Т. Стнпанянц. — М.: Восточная литература, 2011</ref><br> | ||
=ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ= | ==ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ== | ||
ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ<sup>object</sup> ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ རྟེན་འབྲེལ) ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>Cabezón, José Ignacio. "Tsong Kha Pa", in Jones, Lindsay (ed.), MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion, MacMillan 2005</ref><br> | ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ<sup>object</sup> ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ (ᠰᠠᠮᠭᠠᠷᠳᠢ᠄ प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद᠃ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ᠄ རྟེན་འབྲེལ) ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>Cabezón, José Ignacio. "Tsong Kha Pa", in Jones, Lindsay (ed.), MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religion, MacMillan 2005</ref><br> | ||
ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<ref>Newland, Guy. Introduction to Emptiness: As Taught in Tsong-kha-pa's Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path, Ithaca 2008</ref><br> | ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠠᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<ref>Newland, Guy. Introduction to Emptiness: As Taught in Tsong-kha-pa's Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path, Ithaca 2008</ref><br> | ||