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"ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
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| 1-р мөр: | 1-р мөр: | ||
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ᠭ᠌ᠯᠦ᠋ᠻᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|style = "height: 150px;"|ᠭ᠌ᠯᠦ᠋ᠻᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠭ᠌ᠯᠦ᠋ᠻᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ NAD ᠬᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ(ᠻᠣ᠊ᠹᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ) ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | |||
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ᠪᠢᠣᠯᠣᠬᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠤᠪᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠰᠤᠪᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ ᠢ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ (ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮᠣᠯᠣᠬᠢ) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠳᠡ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ | ᠪᠢᠣᠯᠣᠬᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ᠋ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠰᠤᠪᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠰᠤᠪᠰᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠲ ᠢ᠋ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ (ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮᠣᠯᠣᠬᠢ) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠳᠡ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ | ||
| 15-р мөр: | 14-р мөр: | ||
ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶᠤ᠃ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ᠄ ᠣᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠢᠳᠢᠨᠡ 5'-ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠻᠰᠢᠯᠠᠽᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢᠰᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠠ᠄ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠴᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠄ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠭᠦᠢᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ (ᠡᠩᠬᠢᠪᠢᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ) ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ (ᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠸᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠮ᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠭᠦᠢᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷᠲᠠᠢ᠂ pH ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠮᠤᠢ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶᠤ᠃ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ᠄ ᠣᠷᠣᠲ᠋ᠢᠳᠢᠨᠡ 5'-ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠠᠲ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠻᠠᠷᠪᠣᠻᠰᠢᠯᠠᠽᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢᠰᠧᠻᠦ᠋ᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ ᠲᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠠ᠄ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠴᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠻᠦᠯ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠄ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠭᠦᠢᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ (ᠡᠩᠬᠢᠪᠢᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ) ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ (ᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠸᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠮ᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠭᠦᠢᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷᠲᠠᠢ᠂ pH ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠧᠮᠫᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠮᠤᠢ᠃ | ||
== ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ == | == ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ == | ||
[[Файл:Eduardbuchner.jpg|thumb| | <br> | ||
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|[[Файл:Eduardbuchner.jpg|thumb|210x210px|ᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠸᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠪᠦᠬ᠋ᠨᠧᠷ(Eduard Buchner)]] | |||
|style = "height: 200px;"|17-᠊ᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ᠂ 18-᠊ᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠳᠤᠭᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠰ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠ᠃ | |||
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ᠠᠨ᠍ᠰᠡᠯᠮᠡ ᠫᠠᠶᠧᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢᠴᠢ 1833 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠠᠰᠲᠠᠰᠠ(diastase) ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠦᠢ ᠫᠠᠰᠲᠦ᠋ (Louis Pasteur) ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠭᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠢᠷᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ (ᠹᠧᠷᠮᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠼ) ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠹᠧᠷᠮᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ | ᠠᠨ᠍ᠰᠡᠯᠮᠡ ᠫᠠᠶᠧᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠹᠷᠠᠨ᠍ᠼ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢᠴᠢ 1833 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠠᠰᠲᠠᠰᠠ(diastase) ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠦᠢ ᠫᠠᠰᠲᠦ᠋ (Louis Pasteur) ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠭᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠫᠢᠷᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ (ᠹᠧᠷᠮᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠼ) ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠹᠧᠷᠮᠧᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠃ | ||
1877 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠶᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢᠴᠢ ᠸᠢᠯᠾᠧᠯᠮ ᠻᠦᠨᠡ () ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠭᠷᠧᠭ ᠦᠨ ἔνζυμον ᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ 《ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ》 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 1877 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠶᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢᠴᠢ ᠸᠢᠯᠾᠧᠯᠮ ᠻᠦᠨᠡ () ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠭᠷᠧᠭ ᠦᠨ ἔνζυμον ᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ 《ᠡᠨ᠍ᠽᠢᠮ》 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ||
== ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ == | == ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰᠢᠯ == | ||