"ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ (засварлах)
22:03, 17 Есдүгээр сар 2024-ий байдлаарх засвар
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ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ 1927 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢ ᠸᠢᠷᠨᠢᠷ ᠾᠠᠢᠢᠰᡝᠨᠪᠢᠷᠭ᠌<sup>Werner Heisenberg</sup> ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. LibreText<sup>TM</sup> Chemistry. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2024/09/17. [https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Quantum_Mechanics/02._Fundamental_Concepts_of_Quantum_Mechanics/Heisenberg's_Uncertainty_Principle#:~:text=Heisenberg's%20Uncertainty%20Principle%20is%20one,manifested%20as%20non-commuting%20operators. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Quantum_Mechanics/02._Fundamental_Concepts_of_Quantum_Mechanics/Heisenberg's_Uncertainty_Principle#:~:text=Heisenberg's%20Uncertainty%20Principle%20is%20one,manifested%20as%20non-commuting%20operators.]</ref> ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢ 1927 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻᠴᠢ ᠸᠢᠷᠨᠢᠷ ᠾᠠᠢᠢᠰᡝᠨᠪᠢᠷᠭ᠌<sup>Werner Heisenberg</sup> ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ | ||
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| 29-р мөр: | 29-р мөр: | ||
ℏ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠫᠯᠠᠠᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠤᠨ<sup>Plank</sup> ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ (ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ). | ℏ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠫᠯᠠᠠᠨ᠍ᠻ ᠤᠨ<sup>Plank</sup> ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ (ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ). | ||
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠠᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠮᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠠᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<ref>Uncertainty Principle Formula. Toppr 2021. https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics-formulas/uncertainty-principle-formula/</ref> | ||
| 47-р мөр: | 48-р мөр: | ||
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠃<ref>John Baez. The Time-Energy Uncertainty Relation. University of California, Riverside 2021/09/26. | ||
https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/uncertainty.html</ref> | |||
# '''ᠦᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ''': ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ (non-determinism) ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠥᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | # '''ᠦᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ''': ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ (non-determinism) ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠥᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠭ᠌ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠢ ᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠻᠸᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ ᠰᠢᠰᠲᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ||