800
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"Сэтгэл төдийтний тогтсон таалал"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
Сэтгэл төдийтний тогтсон таалал (засварлах)
23:01, 2 Наймдугаар сар 2019-ий байдлаарх засвар
, 2 Наймдугаар сар 2019no edit summary
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| 10-р мөр: | 10-р мөр: | ||
ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠾᠢᠨᠳᠦ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ātman (ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢ)᠂ prakṛti (ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ) ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠥᠰᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ālaya-vijñāna ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠨᠠᠡᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠰᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠃ | ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠾᠢᠨᠳᠦ᠋ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ātman (ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢ)᠂ prakṛti (ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ) ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠥᠰᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ālaya-vijñāna ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠲᠲᠾᠢᠰᠲ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠨᠠᠡᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠰᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠢᠢᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠃ | ||
ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ - ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠲᠤᠷ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ - ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠨᠦ ālaya-vijñāna ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ citta-santāna (སེམས་རྒྱུད) ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠥᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠢᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠷᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ᠃ | ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ - ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠵᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠊ᠲᠤᠷ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ - ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠨᠦ ālaya-vijñāna ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ citta-santāna (སེམས་རྒྱུད) ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠥᠮᠢᠶ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠢᠯ ᠊ᠳᠤᠷ ᠥᠷᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ ᠊ᠠ᠋ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ᠃ | ||
=ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠢᠢᠮ= | |||
=ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠥᠢᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ= | |||
==2a. "ᠢᠳᠧᠠᠯᠢᠰᠮ" ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠥ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠥᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠳᠣᠷ== | |||
==2b. ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠠᠷᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋== | ==2b. ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠠᠷᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠊ᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋== | ||
ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠣᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠡᠭᠥᠨ ᠣ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠯᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠬᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ Pramāṇavāda (Epistemology) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠫᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠵᠡᠭᠥᠯᠥᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠣᠬᠥᠳ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ Pramāṇavāda ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠥᠨ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠥ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠴᠥᠳ ᠥᠬᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠷᠰᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠥᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠥ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ prameya (ontology) ᠠᠨᠣ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠥᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠣᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠩᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠠᠨᠣ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ (pramāṇa) ᠬᠥᠴᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠥᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡᠬᠥᠯᠵᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠥ ᠨᠠᠷ | ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠣᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠡᠭᠥᠨ ᠣ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠣᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠯᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠢᠬᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ Pramāṇavāda (Epistemology) ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠫᠢᠽᠢᠻ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠵᠡᠭᠥᠯᠥᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠣᠬᠥᠳ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ Pramāṇavāda ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠥᠨ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠥ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠴᠥᠳ ᠥᠬᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠥᠵᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠷᠰᠥᠯᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠥ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠣᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠣᠭᠠᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠥ ᠥᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠥ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠥᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠣ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠧᠫᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ prameya (ontology) ᠠᠨᠣ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠥᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠣᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠩᠯᠠᠬᠣ ᠳᠣᠷ ᠠᠨᠣ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ (pramāṇa) ᠬᠥᠴᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠥᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠬ᠋ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠥᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠥᠷᠳᠡᠬᠥᠯᠵᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠳᠥ ᠨᠠᠷ | ||