160
edits
"Геологийн цаг тооллын хүснэгт"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
Геологийн цаг тооллын хүснэгт (засварлах)
14:09, 16 Хоёрдугаар сар 2019-ий байдлаарх засвар
, 16 Хоёрдугаар сар 2019no edit summary
(edit) |
бNo edit summary |
||
| 85-р мөр: | 85-р мөр: | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠧᠰᠰᠢᠨᠢ</span> | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠧᠰᠰᠢᠨᠢ</span> | ||
Messinian | Messinian | ||
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠧᠰᠰᠢᠨᠢ (Messinia) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠣᠷᠪᠣᠭᠯᠢᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠪ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠱᠣᠷᠪᠣᠭ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ (Antarctica) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠢᠮᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠽᠧ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ (Africa) ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠾᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠋᠍ᠲᠷᠣᠫ ᠲᠴᠠᠳᠧᠨ᠍ᠰᠢᠰ (Sahelanthropus tchadensis) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<span style="color:white;"> | | rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠧᠰᠰᠢᠨᠢ (Messinia) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠱᠣᠷᠪᠣᠭᠯᠢᠲᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢᠢᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠪ ᠊ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠱᠣᠷᠪᠣᠭ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ (Antarctica) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠢᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠢᠮᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠽᠧ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠻ (Africa) ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠾᠧᠯᠠᠨ᠋᠍ᠲᠷᠣᠫ ᠲᠴᠠᠳᠧᠨ᠍ᠰᠢᠰ (Sahelanthropus tchadensis) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span> | ||
|7.246 | |7.246 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 94-р мөр: | 94-р мөр: | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠧᠷᠷᠠᠸᠠᠯᠶ</span> | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠧᠷᠷᠠᠸᠠᠯᠶ</span> | ||
Serravallian | Serravallian | ||
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠳᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ (Middle Miocene disruption) ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<span style="color:white;"> | | rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠯ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠳᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠮᠢᠶᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ (Middle Miocene disruption) ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃<span style="color:white;">᠊</span> | ||
|13.82 | |13.82 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 103-р мөр: | 103-р мөр: | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠦᠷᠳᠢᠭᠠᠯᠶ</span> | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠪᠦᠷᠳᠢᠭᠠᠯᠶ</span> | ||
Burdigalian | Burdigalian | ||
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ 650 ppmv ᠡᠴᠡ 100 ppmv ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠢᠢᠴᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ (mastodon) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠭᠦᠶ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;"> | | rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ 650 ppmv ᠡᠴᠡ 100 ppmv ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠢᠢᠴᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍ᠲ (mastodon) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠭᠦᠶ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠪᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span> | ||
|20.44 | |20.44 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 115-р мөр: | 115-р мөр: | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠴᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢ</span> | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠴᠠᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢ</span> | ||
Chattian | Chattian | ||
| rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ - ᠣᠯᠢᠭᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ (Grande Coupure) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ (Antarctic) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ <span style="color:white;"> | | rowspan="2" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ - ᠣᠯᠢᠭᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ (Grande Coupure) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ (Antarctic) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span> | ||
|28.1 | |28.1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 126-р мөр: | 126-р мөр: | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠷᠢᠶᠠᠪᠣᠨᠶ</span> | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠫᠷᠢᠶᠠᠪᠣᠨᠶ</span> | ||
Priabonian | Priabonian | ||
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ (Creodonts, Condylarths, Uintatheres) ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠦᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ (Antarctica) ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠯᠫ (Alps) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠦᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ <span style="color:white;"> | | rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ (Creodonts, Condylarths, Uintatheres) ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠦᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠮᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠲ᠋ᠠᠷᠻᠲᠢᠻ (Antarctica) ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠯᠫ (Alps) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠦᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span><br /> | ||
|37.8 | |37.8 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 139-р мөр: | 139-р мөр: | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠢᠫᠷᠧᠽᠢ</span> | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠢᠫᠷᠧᠽᠢ</span> | ||
Ypresian | Ypresian | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ (PETM ᠪᠠ ETM-2)᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠽᠣᠯᠯᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ (Azolla event) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ 3500 ppm ᠡᠴᠡ 650 ppm ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ (PETM ᠪᠠ ETM-2)᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠧᠣᠼᠧᠨ ᠊ᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠽᠣᠯᠯᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ (Azolla event) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ 3500 ppm ᠡᠴᠡ 650 ppm ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ ᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ᠊ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠊ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠾᠢᠮᠠᠯᠠᠢ (Himalaya) ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃<span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span> | ||
|56 | |56 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 146-р мөр: | 146-р мөр: | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠾᠠᠨᠧᠼᠢ</span> | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠾᠠᠨᠧᠼᠢ</span> | ||
Thanetian | Thanetian | ||
| rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠴᠢᠻᠱᠦ᠋ᠯᠦ᠋ᠪ (Chicxulub) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ''K–Pg'' (ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠳ-ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (dinosaur) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ (ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ)᠃ ᠠᠯᠫ (Alpes) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;"> | | rowspan="3" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠴᠢᠻᠱᠦ᠋ᠯᠦ᠋ᠪ (Chicxulub) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ''K–Pg'' (ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠳ-ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ) ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (dinosaur) ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠊ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ (ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ)᠃ ᠠᠯᠫ (Alpes) ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠠᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span><span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">᠊</span> | ||
|59.2 | |59.2 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 163-р мөр: | 163-р мөр: | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠠᠰᠲᠷᠢᠻᠲ</span> | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠮᠠᠰᠲᠷᠢᠻᠲ</span> | ||
Maastrichtian | Maastrichtian | ||
| rowspan="12" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ammonoidea)᠂ ᠪᠧᠯᠧᠮᠨᠢᠲ (belemnite)᠂ ᠷᠦᠳᠢᠰᠲ (rudist) ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠦᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠢᠷᠠᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ᠂ ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (Tyrannosaur, Titanosaur)᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠲᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲᠠᠷ (Eusuchia) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠥ ᠮᠣᠽᠠᠽᠠᠸᠷ (mosasaur)᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠫᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠲᠡᠨ (monotremes)᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ (marsupials)᠂ ᠢᠬᠡᠰᠲᠡᠨ (placental) ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Gondwana) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ (Rocky Mountains) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠡᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ <span style="color:white;"> | | rowspan="12" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯᠰ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ammonoidea)᠂ ᠪᠧᠯᠧᠮᠨᠢᠲ (belemnite)᠂ ᠷᠦᠳᠢᠰᠲ (rudist) ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠦᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠢᠷᠠᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ᠂ ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (Tyrannosaur, Titanosaur)᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠲᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲᠠᠷ (Eusuchia) ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠥ ᠮᠣᠽᠠᠽᠠᠸᠷ (mosasaur)᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠊ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠫᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠊ᠢᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠲᠡᠨ (monotremes)᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ (marsupials)᠂ ᠢᠬᠡᠰᠲᠡᠨ (placental) ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Gondwana) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ (Rocky Mountains) ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠡᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠢᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span> | ||
|72.1 ± 0.2 | |72.1 ± 0.2 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 215-р мөр: | 215-р мөр: | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠾᠣᠨᠢ</span> | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠾᠣᠨᠢ</span> | ||
Tithonian | Tithonian | ||
| rowspan="11" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠮᠦᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠧᠨᠧᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ (benettitale)᠂ ᠼᠢᠻᠠᠳ᠋ (cycad) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠢᠢᠮᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠽᠠᠸᠷᠣᠫᠣᠳ᠋ (sauropod)᠂ ᠻᠠᠷᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (carnosaur)᠂ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠭᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (stegosaur) ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠭᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠢᠻᠲᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (ichthyosaur)᠂ ᠫᠯᠧᠰᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (plesiosaur) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠲ᠋ (ammonite)᠂ ᠪᠧᠯᠧᠮᠨᠢᠲ (belemnite) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ᠂ ᠲᠧᠷᠧᠪᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (terebratulid) ᠪᠠ ᠷᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠻᠣᠨᠧᠯᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (rhynchonellid) ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠭᠧᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ (Pangaea) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Gondwana)᠂ ᠯᠠᠦ᠋ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ (Laurasia) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠧᠸᠠᠳᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ (Nevada) ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠊ᠳᠠᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ 3-4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ (1200–1500 ppmv ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠨᠨ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ+ 400 ppmv ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋)᠃ <span style="color:white;"> | | rowspan="11" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠮᠦᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠧᠨᠧᠲ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ (benettitale)᠂ ᠼᠢᠻᠠᠳ᠋ (cycad) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠢᠢᠮᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠽᠠᠸᠷᠣᠫᠣᠳ᠋ (sauropod)᠂ ᠻᠠᠷᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (carnosaur)᠂ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠭᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (stegosaur) ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶᠶ᠌ᠡ᠋ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠭᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠢᠻᠲᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (ichthyosaur)᠂ ᠫᠯᠧᠰᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (plesiosaur) ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠢᠲ᠋ (ammonite)᠂ ᠪᠧᠯᠧᠮᠨᠢᠲ (belemnite) ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ᠂ ᠲᠧᠷᠧᠪᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (terebratulid) ᠪᠠ ᠷᠾᠢᠨ᠍ᠻᠣᠨᠧᠯᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (rhynchonellid) ᠮᠥᠷᠦ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠭᠧᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ (Pangaea) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠣᠨ᠍ᠲᠸᠠᠨᠠ (Gondwana)᠂ ᠯᠠᠦ᠋ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ (Laurasia) ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠧᠸᠠᠳᠠ ᠊ᠢᠢ (Nevada) ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠊ᠳᠠᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠦ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ 3-4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ (1200–1500 ppmv ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠨᠨ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ+ 400 ppmv ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋)᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span> | ||
|152.1 ± 0.9 | |152.1 ± 0.9 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 264-р мөр: | 264-р мөр: | ||
|<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠷᠠᠧᠲᠢ</span> | |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠷᠠᠧᠲᠢ</span> | ||
Rhaetian | Rhaetian | ||
| rowspan="7" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠻᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (archosaurs) ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠨᠣᠶᠤᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠢᠻᠲᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (ichthyosaurs)᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (nothosaur)᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠫᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (pterosaur) ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠼᠢᠨᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍᠋ᠠᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠲᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠻᠷᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (Dicroidium) ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠮᠨᠣᠰᠫᠣᠨ᠍᠋ᠳᠢᠯ (temnospondyl) ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠼᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ᠋ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ceratitic ammonoid) ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (teleost)᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ (Andes) ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ.᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠽᠧᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ᠃ <span style="color:white;"> | | rowspan="7" |<span style="writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠻᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (archosaurs) ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠨᠣᠶᠤᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠲᠦ ᠢᠻᠲᠢᠶᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (ichthyosaurs)᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (nothosaur)᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠊ᠳᠦ ᠫᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠠᠸᠷ (pterosaur) ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠼᠢᠨᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠍᠋ᠠᠲ ᠊ᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠲᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ.᠊ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠻᠷᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (Dicroidium) ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤᠬᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠮᠨᠣᠰᠫᠣᠨ᠍᠋ᠳᠢᠯ (temnospondyl) ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠼᠧᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠲ᠋ ᠠᠮᠮᠣᠨᠣᠶᠢᠳ᠋ (ceratitic ammonoid) ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠱᠢᠷᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤ (teleost)᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠩᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠊ᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠻ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠨ᠍ᠳ᠋ (Andes) ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠰᠢᠶ᠌ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ.᠊ᠡ᠋ ᠽᠧᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠂ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠰᠲᠷᠠᠯᠢ ᠊ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠧᠨᠧᠽ᠃ <span style="color:white;">᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊᠊</span> | ||
|~208.5 | |~208.5 | ||
|- | |- | ||