"ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠊ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ (засварлах)
12:10, 10 Наймдугаар сар 2020-ий байдлаарх засвар
, 10 Наймдугаар сар 2020Images
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=ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ= | =ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ= | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Tectonic plates boundaries physical World map Wt 10degE centered-en.svg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ<br>ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠢ<br>ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ<br>ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ<br>ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ]]{{Z}} | {{Horizontal}}[[File:Tectonic plates boundaries physical World map Wt 10degE centered-en.svg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ<br>ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠢ<br>ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠻ<br>ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ<br>ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ]]{{Z}} | ||
'''ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ''' ᠨᠢ ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷ<sup>litosphere</sup> ᠦ᠋ᠨ | '''ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ''' ᠨᠢ ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷ<sup>litosphere</sup> ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ||
ᠲᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ<sup>spreading</sup> (ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ) ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠣᠭᠦᠳ (ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠪᠳᠦ᠋ᠻᠼᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠨ᠍ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ᠲᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ<sup>spreading</sup> (ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ) ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠣᠭᠦᠳ (ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠳ) ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠪᠳᠦ᠋ᠻᠼᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠍ ᠠ᠋ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠡᠨ᠍ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ||
ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ | ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Þingvellir National Park in Iceland, where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates meet (26153584629) (2).jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ<br>ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ]]{{Z}} | |||
=ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ= | =ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ= | ||
==ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ= | ==ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ= | ||
ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠥ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠷᠻᠧᠢ<sup>Archean</sup> ᠪᠤᠶᠦ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠡᠢ᠃ <br> | ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠥ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠠᠷᠻᠧᠢ<sup>Archean</sup> ᠪᠤᠶᠦ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠡᠢ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠣᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠫᠷᠥᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠥᠢ<sup>Proterozoic</sup> ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠣᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠫᠷᠥᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠣᠽᠥᠢ<sup>Proterozoic</sup> ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | ||
== ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ== | == ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠥᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠥ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ== | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Pangea animation 03.gif|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ<br>ᠫᠠᠨ᠍ᠭᠧᠶ ᠠ᠋<br>ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠡᠴᠡ<br>ᠥᠨᠦ<br>ᠴᠠᠭ<br>ᠬᠦᠲᠡᠯ ᠡ᠋]]{{Z}} | |||
ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠦ᠋ᠳ 400-600 ᠰᠠᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠦ᠋ᠳ 400-600 ᠰᠠᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠮ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ||
ᠥᠨᠥ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ 200-150 ᠰᠠᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠫᠠᠨᠭᠧᠶ ᠠ᠋<sup>Pangea</sup> ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ᠥᠨᠥ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ 200-150 ᠰᠠᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠫᠠᠨᠭᠧᠶ ᠠ᠋<sup>Pangea</sup> ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠌ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ||
| 20-р мөр: | 19-р мөр: | ||
=ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ= | =ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ= | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:Plates tect2 nl.svg|thumb|{{Mongolian}} | {{Horizontal}}[[File:Plates tect2 nl.svg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ<br>ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ]]{{Z}} | ||
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠮᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷ<sup>astenosphere</sup> ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br> | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠮᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷ<sup>astenosphere</sup> ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨᠣᠰᠫᠾᠧᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠰ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ <br> | ||
| 56-р мөр: | 55-р мөр: | ||
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <ref> Valencia, Diana; O'Connell, Richard J.; Sasselov, Dimitar D (November 2007). "Inevitability of Plate Tectonics on Super-Earths". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 670 (1): L45-L48.arXiv:0710.0699. Bibcode:2007ApJ...670L..45V.doi:10.1086/524012.</ref> | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠨᠢᠻ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ <ref> Valencia, Diana; O'Connell, Richard J.; Sasselov, Dimitar D (November 2007). "Inevitability of Plate Tectonics on Super-Earths". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 670 (1): L45-L48.arXiv:0710.0699. Bibcode:2007ApJ...670L..45V.doi:10.1086/524012.</ref> | ||
=== ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ=== | === ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ=== | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:VenusLava.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ<br>ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋<br>ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠤᠮᠠᠯ<br>ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ<br>(ᠯᠠᠸᠠ)<br>ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br>ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ]]{{Z}} | |||
ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠃ <br> | ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ||
| 66-р мөр: | 66-р мөр: | ||
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠩ ᠴᠠᠪᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br> | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠩ ᠴᠠᠪᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br> | ||
===ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ=== | ===ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ=== | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:PIA02820.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ<br>ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ<br>ᠪᠠ<br>ᠨᠠᠮ<br>ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ<br>ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ<br>ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ<br>ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ]]{{Z}} | |||
ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠰᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ <br> | ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠱᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠰᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ <br> | ||
ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ 1990 - ᠊ᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ<ref>Sleep, Norman H. (1994). "Martian plate tectonics" (PDF).Journal of Geophysical Research. 99 (E3): 5639.Bibcode:1994JGR....99.5639S</ref> <br> | ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠠᠷᠴᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ 1990 - ᠊ᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ<ref>Sleep, Norman H. (1994). "Martian plate tectonics" (PDF).Journal of Geophysical Research. 99 (E3): 5639.Bibcode:1994JGR....99.5639S</ref> <br> | ||
| 75-р мөр: | 76-р мөр: | ||
===ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ=== | ===ᠮᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ=== | ||
ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:EuropaInterior1.jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ<br>ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ<br>ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ<br>ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ]]{{Z}} | |||
NASA 2014 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ <b>ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ</b> ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃<ref>Dyches, Preston; Brown, Dwayne; Buckley, Michael (8 September 2014). "Scientists Find Evidence of 'Diving' Tectonic Plates on Europa"</ref> <br> | NASA 2014 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠪᠠᠳᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ <b>ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ</b> ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠪᠠ᠃<ref>Dyches, Preston; Brown, Dwayne; Buckley, Michael (8 September 2014). "Scientists Find Evidence of 'Diving' Tectonic Plates on Europa"</ref> <br> | ||
ᠰᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ <b>ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ</b> ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ 2005 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠶᠭᠧᠨ᠍ᠰ <sup>Huygens</sup> ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<ref> Soderblom, Laurence A.; Tomasko, Martin G.; Archinal, Brent A.; Becker, Tammy L.; Bushroe, Michael W.; Cook, Debbie A.; Doose, Lyn R.; Galuszka, Donna M.; Hare, Trent M.; Howington-Kraus, Elpitha; Karkoschka, Erich; Kirk, Randolph L.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; McFarlane, Elisabeth A.; Redding, Bonnie L.; Rizk, Bashar; Rosiek, Mark R.; See, Charles; Smith, Peter H. (2007)."Topography and geomorphology of the Huygens landing site on Titan". Planetary and Space Science. 55 (13): 2015–24. </ref> <br> | ᠰᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ <b>ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ</b> ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠ᠋ 2005 ᠣᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠶᠭᠧᠨ᠍ᠰ <sup>Huygens</sup> ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠲᠧᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<ref> Soderblom, Laurence A.; Tomasko, Martin G.; Archinal, Brent A.; Becker, Tammy L.; Bushroe, Michael W.; Cook, Debbie A.; Doose, Lyn R.; Galuszka, Donna M.; Hare, Trent M.; Howington-Kraus, Elpitha; Karkoschka, Erich; Kirk, Randolph L.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; McFarlane, Elisabeth A.; Redding, Bonnie L.; Rizk, Bashar; Rosiek, Mark R.; See, Charles; Smith, Peter H. (2007)."Topography and geomorphology of the Huygens landing site on Titan". Planetary and Space Science. 55 (13): 2015–24. </ref> <br> | ||
{{Horizontal}}[[File:First_global_geologic_map_of_Titan_(PIA23174).jpg|thumb|{{Mongolian}}ᠰᠠᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷ<br>ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ<br>ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤ<br>ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ<br>ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ]]{{Z}} | |||
===ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰ=== | ===ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰ=== | ||
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧᠻᠲᠣᠨᠢᠻ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ <br> | ||