"ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд

Wikibilig-с
(Link)
(Images)
1-р мөр: 1-р мөр:
<div style="max-height: 80vh; writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">
<div style="max-height: 80vh; writing-mode: vertical-lr; font-family: 'Noto Sans Mongolian'">
= ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ =
= ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ =
<br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Sum_of_angles_of_triangle_dzmanto.png|thumb|<span style="padding-left: 40px; writing-mode: vertical-lr; max-height: 15vh; "><big>ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ‍ᠦᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ 180°᠃</big>]]</span>
<br>
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref> ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠡᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃  
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref> ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠡᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃  
ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (Εὐκλείδης) ᠪᠡᠷ "ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" (Στοιχεῖον) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 13 ᠪᠣᠲᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>[https://books.google.mn/books?id=djUPAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y B. L. Van Der Waerden. Science Awakening I, Volume 1. Noordhoff International. 1975]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17</ref>
ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (Εὐκλείδης) ᠪᠡᠷ "ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" (Στοιχεῖον) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 13 ᠪᠣᠲᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>[https://books.google.mn/books?id=djUPAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y B. L. Van Der Waerden. Science Awakening I, Volume 1. Noordhoff International. 1975]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17</ref>
11-р мөр: 14-р мөр:
ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃<ref name=":1">ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦ᠊᠂ ᠨᠠ᠊᠂ ᠮᠣ᠊᠂ ᠠ᠊᠂ ᠤ᠊᠂ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1964᠃</ref><br>
ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃<ref name=":1">ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦ᠊᠂ ᠨᠠ᠊᠂ ᠮᠣ᠊᠂ ᠠ᠊᠂ ᠤ᠊᠂ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1964᠃</ref><br>
"ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ‍‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ <br><br>
"ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ‍‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ <br><br>
 
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Parallel_postulate_en.svg|thumb|<span style="padding-left: 40px; writing-mode: vertical-lr; max-height: 35vh; "><big>ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ᠄ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃</big>]]</span>
<br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">1.</span> ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">1.</span> ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">2.</span> ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">2.</span> ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br>
20-р мөр: 24-р мөр:
==ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠥᠮ==
==ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠥᠮ==
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ‍ᠢ "ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref name=":1" /><br><br>
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ‍ᠢ "ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref name=":1" /><br><br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb">[[File:Pythagorean.svg|thumb|<span style="padding-left: 40px; writing-mode: vertical-lr; max-height: 14vh; "><big>ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃</big>]]</span>
<br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">1.</span> ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">1.</span> ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">2.</span> ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br>
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">2.</span> ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃<br>

21:13, 19 Гуравдугаар сар 2021-ий байдлаарх засвар

ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ


ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ‍ᠦᠳ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ 180°᠃


ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ‍ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ [1] ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠡᠡᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠦᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ (Εὐκλείδης) ᠪᠡᠷ "ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" (Στοιχεῖον) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 13 ᠪᠣᠲᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃[2]

ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ

ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ᠂ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ‍ᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠳᠤᠢᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ‍ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃[3]
ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃[4]
"ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ‍‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄

ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ᠄ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃


1. ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
2. ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
3. ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
4. ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ᠃
5. ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃[5][6]

ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠥᠮ

ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ‍ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ‍ᠢ "ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[4]

ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ‍ᠠ᠋ ‍ᠤᠳ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋᠃


1. ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
2. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
3. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
4. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
5. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
6. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
7. ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ (ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ)
8. ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
9. ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃[7][6]



ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ

ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠯᠣᠭᠢᠻ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ‍ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃

ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠡᠩ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠂ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ‍ᠡ᠋ ‍ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ ‍ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠦᠢ ‍ᠳᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃

ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠱᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠂ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃[8]

ᠮᠢᠩᠭ᠎ ‍ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ‍ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ‍ᠦ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ‍ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃



ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ



ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ

  1. А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989
  2. B. L. Van Der Waerden. Science Awakening I, Volume 1. Noordhoff International. 1975. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17
  3. Ю. А. Гастев, А. С. Есенин-Вольпин. Аксиоматический метод. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/19
  4. 4.0 4.1 ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ‍ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦ᠊᠂ ᠨᠠ᠊᠂ ᠮᠣ᠊᠂ ᠠ᠊᠂ ᠤ᠊᠂ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ‍ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ‍ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ‍ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ‍ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1964᠃
  5. Урок геометрия 39 тем. Постулаты Евклида. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09
  6. 6.0 6.1 Н.Г.Подаева, Д.А.Жук. Лекции по основаниям геометрии. Елецкий Государственный Университет им. И.А.Бунина. Елец 2005. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09
  7. К.Лохматова, Н.Степанова. Презентация "Евклидова геометрия" (7 класс). ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09
  8. Значение геометрии. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17