"ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠊ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ"-ны өөр хувилбарууд
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= | = ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ = | ||
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|style = "height: 100px;"|ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ 180° | |||
|<math>\alpha+\beta+\gamma = 180^\circ</math><br> | |||
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ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ [[Ертөнцийг үзэх үзэл|ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ]] ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ<sup>Euclid</sup> ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ<sup>geometry</sup> ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ <ref>А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989</ref> ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | |||
ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ (Εὐκλείδης) ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ "ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" (Στοιχεῖον) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 13 ᠪᠣᠲᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃<ref>[https://books.google.mn/books?id=djUPAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y B. L. Van Der Waerden. Science Awakening I, Volume 1. Noordhoff International. 1975]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17</ref> | |||
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==ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ== | |||
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ<sup>axiom</sup>᠂ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠤᠳ<sup>postulate</sup> ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠳᠤᠢᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃<br> | |||
ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠣᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃<ref>[https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/007/395.htm Ю. А. Гастев, А. С. Есенин-Вольпин. Аксиоматический метод]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/19</ref><br> | |||
ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃<ref name=":1">ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦ᠊᠂ ᠨᠠ᠊᠂ ᠮᠣ᠊᠂ ᠠ᠊᠂ ᠤ᠊᠂ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1964᠃</ref><br> | |||
"ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄ <br> | |||
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|style = "height: 250px;"|ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ᠄ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | |||
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<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">1.</span> ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">2.</span> ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">3.</span> ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ<sup>radius</sup> ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">4.</span> ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">5.</span> ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃<ref>[http://900igr.net/prezentatsii/geometrija/Evklid/005-Postulaty-Evklida.html Урок геометрия 39 тем. Постулаты Евклида]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09</ref><ref name=":0" /> | |||
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==ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠥᠮ== | |||
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠢ<sup>theorem</sup> "ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃<ref name=":1" /><br> | |||
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶ᠂ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ <br> | |||
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ᠂ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ᠂ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | |||
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|style = "height: 160px;"|ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃ | |||
|<math>c^2 = a^2 + b^2</math> | |||
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<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">1.</span> ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">2.</span> ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">3.</span> ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">4.</span> ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">5.</span> ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">6.</span> ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">7.</span> ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ (ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ)<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">8.</span> ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃<br> | |||
<span style="writing-mode: horizontal-tb; ">9.</span> ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ [[ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ|ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ]] ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃<ref>[https://infourok.ru/prezentaciya-evklidova-geometriya-klass-1332117.html К.Лохматова, Н.Степанова. Презентация "Евклидова геометрия" (7 класс)]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09</ref><ref name=":0">[http://www.inggu.ru/upload/lectures/%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95%20%D0%93%D0%95%D0%9E%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%98.pdf Н.Г.Подаева, Д.А.Жук. Лекции по основаниям геометрии. Елецкий Государственный Университет им. И.А.Бунина. Елец 2005]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09</ref> | |||
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==ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ== | |||
ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ<sup>mathematics</sup>᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠯᠣᠭᠢᠻ<sup>logic</sup> ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | |||
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | |||
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃ | |||
ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠱᠢᠨ<sup>machine</sup> ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮ<sup>mechanism</sup>᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠂ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃<ref>[https://www.apxu.ru/article/geoforma/hi/zna4enie_geometrii.htm Значение геометрии]. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17</ref> | |||
ᠮᠢᠩᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ<sup>system</sup> ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | |||
<br><br> | |||
==ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ== | |||
ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ - Euclidean geometry - евклидова геометрия <br> | |||
"ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" - "Elements" - "Начала"<br> | |||
ᠴᠡᠭ - point - точка <br> | |||
ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ - line - прямая <br> | |||
ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ - circle - окружность<br> | |||
ᠤᠷᠲᠤ - length - длина <br> | |||
ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ - area - площадь <br> | |||
ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ - volume - объём <br> | |||
ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠯᠯᠧᠯ - parallel - параллель <br> | |||
ᠫᠧᠷᠫᠧᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠷ - perpendicular - перпендикуляр <br> | |||
ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ - angle - угол <br> | |||
ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠰᠦ - radius - радиус<br> | |||
ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ - intersect - пересекаться<br> | |||
ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ - plane - плоскость<br> | |||
ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ - space - пространство<br> | |||
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ - triangle - треугольник<br> | |||
ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ - sphere - сфера<br> | |||
ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ - dimension - измерение<br> | |||
ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - axioma - аксиома <br> | |||
ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - postulate - постулат <br> | |||
ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - theorem - теорема <br> | |||
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ - axiomatic method - аксиоматическийн подход<br> | |||
ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ - logic - логика<br> | |||
ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ - proof - доказательство<br> | |||
<br><br> | |||
==ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ== | |||
[[ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ]]<br> | |||
[[ᠷᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ]] | |||
<br><br> | |||
==ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ== | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Ангилал:ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲᠢᠭ]] | |||
[[Ангилал:ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ]] |
11:23, 20 Гуравдугаар сар 2021-ий байдлаарх одоогийн засвар
ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ 180° |
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨEuclid ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷgeometry ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ [1] ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠢᠢᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠪᠬᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ (Εὐκλείδης) ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ "ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" (Στοιχεῖον) ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 13 ᠪᠣᠲᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠌ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃[2]
ᠫᠣᠰᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮaxiom᠂ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠤᠳpostulate ᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠳᠤᠢᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠠ᠋ ᠵᠣᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃[3]
ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃[4]
"ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠄
ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ᠄ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃ |
1. ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
2. ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
3. ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠷradius ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
4. ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ᠃
5. ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃[5][6]
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠥᠮ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ "ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠢtheorem "ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ" ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃[4]
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶ᠂ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ᠂ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ᠂ ᠫᠣᠰᠲᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠾᠧᠣᠷᠧᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠢᠢᠡᠷ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠻᠸᠠᠲᠷᠠᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨ ᠡ᠋᠃ |
1. ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
2. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
3. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
4. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
5. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
6. ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
7. ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃ (ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ)
8. ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
9. ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃[7][6]
ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠾᠧᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠻmathematics᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠯᠣᠭᠢᠻlogic ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ ᠡ᠋ ᠢᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃
ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠱᠢᠨmachine ᠮᠧᠻᠠᠨᠢᠰᠮmechanism᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠂ ᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠠ᠋᠃[8]
ᠮᠢᠩᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠡ᠋ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠦᠳsystem ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
ᠧᠦ᠋ᠻ᠊ᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ - Euclidean geometry - евклидова геометрия
"ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ" - "Elements" - "Начала"
ᠴᠡᠭ - point - точка
ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ - line - прямая
ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ - circle - окружность
ᠤᠷᠲᠤ - length - длина
ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ - area - площадь
ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠨ - volume - объём
ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠯᠯᠧᠯ - parallel - параллель
ᠫᠧᠷᠫᠧᠨ᠍ᠳᠢᠻᠦ᠋ᠯᠠᠷ - perpendicular - перпендикуляр
ᠥᠨᠴᠦᠭ - angle - угол
ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠰᠦ - radius - радиус
ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ - intersect - пересекаться
ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ - plane - плоскость
ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ - space - пространство
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ - triangle - треугольник
ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ - sphere - сфера
ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ - dimension - измерение
ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - axioma - аксиома
ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - postulate - постулат
ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ - theorem - теорема
ᠠᠻᠰᠢᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ ᠠ᠋ - axiomatic method - аксиоматическийн подход
ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ - logic - логика
ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠠ᠋ - proof - доказательство
ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ ᠠ᠋ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠯ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
ᠯᠣᠪᠠᠴᠧᠹᠰᠻᠢ ᠊ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ
ᠷᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠊ᠤ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ
ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ[засварлах | кодоор засварлах]
- ↑ А.М.Прохоров и др. Советский энциклопедический словарь. ©Издательство “Советская энциклопедия”. Москва 1989
- ↑ B. L. Van Der Waerden. Science Awakening I, Volume 1. Noordhoff International. 1975. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17
- ↑ Ю. А. Гастев, А. С. Есенин-Вольпин. Аксиоматический метод. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/19
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 ᠡ᠊᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ-ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠡ᠋ ᠮᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦ᠊᠂ ᠨᠠ᠊᠂ ᠮᠣ᠊᠂ ᠠ᠊᠂ ᠤ᠊᠂ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠻᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ ᠠ᠋᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 1964᠃
- ↑ Урок геометрия 39 тем. Постулаты Евклида. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Н.Г.Подаева, Д.А.Жук. Лекции по основаниям геометрии. Елецкий Государственный Университет им. И.А.Бунина. Елец 2005. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09
- ↑ К.Лохматова, Н.Степанова. Презентация "Евклидова геометрия" (7 класс). ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/02/09
- ↑ Значение геометрии. ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 2021/03/17